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Anatomy Test II
O/I/A/INN
45
Anatomy
Graduate
06/29/2010

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Cards

Term
SCM
Definition
Origin – sternum & clavicle
Insertion – mastoid process of temporal bone
Action – Flexes & laterally rotates head (so one flexes and head goes to other side)
Innervation – CN XI
Term
Trapezius m.
Definition
Origin – occipital bone, C7 spinous processes & all thoracic vertebrae
Insertion – scapula & clavicle
Action – stabilizes, raises, retracts & rotates scapula
Innervation – CN XI
Term
Levator Scapulae m.
Definition
Origin – transverse process C1-C4
Insertion – scapula
Action – Elevates/adducts scapula
Innervation – cervical nerves C3-C5
Term
Scalenus Posterior m.
Definition
Origin – transverse process of cervical vertebrae
Insertion – first 2 ribs
Action – elevates first 2 ribs
Innervation – C7 & C8
Term
Muscles in the Posterior Triangle
Definition
SCM, Trapezius, Levator Scapulae, Scalenus Posterior, Scalenus Medius, Scalenus Anterior
Term
Posterior Triangle
Nerves
Definition
CN XI – Spinal accessory n.
Cervical plexus
Brachial plexus
Phrenic n. (C3,4,5) (important for breathing)
Term
Posterior Triangle
Vessels
Definition
Subclavian a.
Transverse cervical a.
Suprascapular a.
External jugular v.
Term
Posterior Triangle
Lymph Nodes
Definition
Occipital
Supraclavicular
Term
Anterior Triangle Muscles
Definition
Sternohyoid m.
Superior omohyoid m.
Sternothyroid m.
Stylohyoid m.
Mylohyoid m.
Geniohyoid m.
Digastric m.
Thyrohyoid m.
Pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Term
Anterior Triangle
Boundaries
Definition
superior border is mandible, inferior border is sternum, lateral border is SCMs
Term
Posterior Triangle Boundaries
Definition
superior border is mandible, inferior to the mandible, inferior border is clavicle, superior to clavicle, anterior border is SCM, posterior to SCM, posterior border is trapezius, triangle is anterior to trapezius
Term
Sternohyoid
Definition
Insertion - Hyoid
Action - Depresses larynx & hyoid
Innervation - cervical nerves C1-C3
Term
Superior Omohyoid
Definition
Insertion - Hyoid
Innervation - Cervical Nerves C1-C3
Term
Sternothyroid
Definition
Action - Pulls larynx & hyoid inferior
Innervation - Cervical Nerves C1-C3
Term
Stylohyoid
Definition
Origin - Styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion - Hyoid Bone
Action – elevates & retracts hyoid bone
Innervation – CN VII
Term
Mylohyoid m.
Definition
Origin – mandible
Insertion – hyoid bone
Action – forms the floor of the mouth
Innervation – CN V, mandibular branch V3
Term
Geniohyoid m.
Definition
Origin – mandible
Insertion – hyoid bone
Action – Pulls hyoid superior and anterior
Innervation – via CN XII
Term
Digastric m.
Definition
Origin – mandible
Insertion – hyoid bone
Action – open mouth & depress mandible
Innervation – CN V
Term
Digastric m. Posterior belly
Definition
Origin – mastoid process of temporal bone
Insertion – hyoid
Action – open mouth & depress mandible
Innervation – CN VII
Term
Thyrohyoid m.
Definition
Action – depress hyoid bone & elevates larynx
Term
Pharyngeal constrictor m.
Definition
Action: constrict pharynx during swallowing
Term
Suprahyoid Muscles
Definition
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Term
Infrahyoid Muscles
Definition
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Term
Function of Suprahyoid Muscles
Definition
Involved in swallowing (They move the hyoid and larynx)
-Form the floor of oral cavity
-Anchor the Tongue
-Move the hyoid bone and the larynx
Term
Head Movement:
Sternocleidomastoid
Definition
Major Head Flexor
Term
Head Movement:
Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid
Definition
Synergists to head flexion
Term
Head Movement:
Sternocleidomastoid and Scalenes
Definition
Lateral Head rotate movements
Term
Head Movement:
Semispinalis Capitis
Definition
Synergist with sternocleidomastoid
Term
Head Movement:
Splenius (Capitis and Cervicis portions)
Definition
head extension, rotation, and lateral bending
Term
CN IX Glossopharyngeal
Motor & Sensory Functions
Definition
Motor: innervates part of tongue and pharynx for swallowing; sympathetic fibers to parotid salivary glands

Sensory: Conduct taste and general sensory impulses from pharynx and post. tongue, and impulses from carotid chemoreceptors and baroreceptors
Term
CN X Vagus
Definition
-Only CN that extends beyond head, neck, diaphragm
-Most motor fibers are parasympathetic that regulate activity of the heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera
-Sensory fibers carry impulses from thoracic and abdominal viscera, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and taste buds of posterior tongue and pharynx
Term
CN XI Accessory
Definition
Formed with ventral rootlets from C1-C5 region; rootlets pass into cranium via each foramen magnum; accessory nerves exit the skill via the jugular foramina to innervate the trapezius and SCM m.
Term
Spinal Nerves: How many of each Type?
Definition
31 Pairs total---
8 cervical (C1-C8)
12 Thoracic (T1-T12)
5 Lumbar (L1-L5)
5 Sacral (S1-S5)
1 Coccygeal (Co1)
Term
Spinal Nerves connect to spinal cord via
Definition
2 roots: Anterior (Ventral) and Posterior (Dorsal)
Term
Anterior (Ventral) Roots
Definition
-Contain motor (efferent) fibers from ventral horn motor neurons
-innervate skeletal muscles
Term
Posterior (Dorsal) Roots
Definition
-Contain sensory (Afferent) fibers from sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia
-Conducts impulses from peripheral receptors
Term
Cervical Nerves:
C1-C7 & C8
Definition
1-7: Exit superior to the vertebrae
8: Exits inferior to C7 vertebrae
Term
Cervical Plexus:
Formed by?
Innervates?
Includes?
Definition
-Ventral Rami of C1-C4 (not C5)
-Innervates Skin and muscles of the neck, ear, back of head, and shoulders
-Includes Phrenic n., which is major motor and sensory nerve of the diaphragm (receives fibers from C3-c5)
Term
Brachial Plexus:
Formed by?
Innervates?
Major Branches?
Definition
-Formed by Ventral Rami of C5-C8 and T1 (often C4 and T2)
-Gives rise to nerves that innervate the upper limb
-Major branches:
-Roots: 5 ventral rami (C5-T1)
-Trunks: Upper, Middle, and Lower
-Divisions: anterior and posterior
-Cords: lateral, medial and posterior
Term
Dermatome Facts
Definition
definition: area of skin innervated by the cutaenous branches of a single spinal nerve
All spinal nerves except C1 participate in dermatomes
-Most overlap, so destruction of a single spinal nerve will not cause numbness
Term
C2
Definition
Posterior of the head
Term
C4
Definition
Superior to Clavicle
Term
C6
Definition
Thumb (1st finger) and posterior lateral aspect of forearm
Term
C7
Definition
Third Finger
Term
C8
Definition
5th Finger and posterior medial aspect of forearm
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