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Anatomy Test 1-Joints of the Upper Extremity
Joints of the Upper Extremity
8
Anatomy
Graduate
09/21/2011

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Cards

Term
Sternoclavicular (SC) joint
Definition
- extremely strong joint with significant mobility

- rarely dislocated – usually clavicle fractures first
Term
Review the bones of the upper extremity and the neuromuscular relationships.
Definition
No answer given on sheet.
Term
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
Definition
- relatively weak joint

- dislocation often called “shoulder separation”
Term
Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
Definition
- widely mobile ball-and-socket joint that is relatively stable

- shallow glenoid cavity deepened by labrum; humeral head held in place by rotator cuff muscles (know these muscles and their nerve innervations)

- commonly dislocated by direct or indirect injury; most dislocations involve inferior displacement of humeral head (clinically referred to as anterior dislocation)

- axillary nerve may be injured during dislocation, leading to deltoid weakness and/or paralysis
Term
Elbow joint
Definition
- hinge-type joint permitting flexion and extension

- Ulnar = articulates with trochlea of humerus

- Radius = articulates with capitulum of humerus

- ligaments = thickenings of articular capsule

- Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

- Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament

- Anular ligament (encircles and holds head of radius)
Term
Proximal and distal radioulnar joints
Definition
- pivot joints allowing pronation and supination of forearm

- subluxation or dislocation of radial head can occur when children are suddenly lifted or jerked by the upper limb when the forearm is pronated (subluxation can be treated by supination while the elbow is flexed)
Term
Wrist (radiocarpal) joint
Definition
- distal radius and articular disc of ulna articulate with proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform); radius articulates with scaphoid and luna

- movements include: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

- Colles’ fracture (distal radius) = most common fracture in persons >50 yrs.

- scaphoid fracture = relatively common in young adults; causes tenderness in snuffbox and can lead to avascular necrosis
Term
Joints of the hand
Definition
- intercarpal (carpal), carpometacarpal, intermetacarpal, metacarpophalangeal (m-p), interphalangeal (i-p) joints

- carpometacarpal joint of thumb is highly mobile: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
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