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Anatomy Test 1- Imagery
Imagery
19
Anatomy
Professional
09/21/2011

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Term
The vast majority of clinical diagnosis come from through these two non-imagery tasks?
Definition
physical exam
History
Term
X-rays are a form of ________ radiation
Definition
Ionizing
Term
Name three imagery methods that use ionizing radiation.
Definition
x-ray
CT
Nuclear Medicine scans
Term
_____ and MRis are examples of imagery modalities that use _____ radiation.
Definition
Ultrasound
Non-ionizing
Term
Name the four types of imagery densities and give at least two examples of each.
Definition
Air/gas: Stomach, intestines, Lungs

Fat: Breast, Superficial fat or surrounding organs

Water/ soft tissue/organs: solid organs(heart /liver/muscles/cartilage), filled bladder, blood

Bone / metal: ribs, Calcified bone, contrast material, metal - bullet fragments / capped teeth
Term
Approximately half of all radiographic studies done are _______
Definition
Chest x-ray
Term
Chest x-rays are taken in which 2 views and why?
Definition
PA - posterior anterior
Lateral
Oblique- (if you can't determine from 1st two views)
Term
Name at least three methods/ substances film radiography uses to enhance the images.
Definition
Barium swallow/enemia- Gi series
Angiography / Venography (constrast iodine solution)
Technetium -99M: nuclear bone scan
Term
Describe angioography
Definition
Catheter inserted into an artery in the groin or by direct puncture and placed into a vessel

INjecting dye into vessel

Iodine metal absorbs x-rays rendering radiopacity (white on negative film at the location of the iodine)
images recorded enhancing vessels of interest
Term
What is the advantage of CT over classical film imagery?
Definition
3D rendering of large anatomical regions with increased resolution of soft tissues, fine bone structures

Easy,fast moderately expensive and widely available
Term
What methods are used to enhance CT imagery?
Definition
IV contrast
Barium Swallow (oral contrast)
Term
Describe what is found on a normal nuclear medicine bone scan.
Definition
-Bone is a living tissue and is constantly being remodeled so a light background of tracer deposition is normal over all the bones of the skeleton. In areas of high impact and constant movement such as joints a greater amount of deposition of tracer is seen. Tracer is also excreted from the kidney so the kidneys and urinary bladder also shows "normal" enhancement on bone scan.
-Bright spots at site of injection, urinary bladder
-Should have fairly equal coloring of all bones in body
Term
What processes would you expect to show enhanced uptake of tracer on nuclear bone scan?
Definition
Where a bone is broken
Where a lot of pressure is applied to bone
Where bones are being turned over quickly
Metastatic bone cancer
Term
What are the advantages/limitations of US?
Definition
Advantages:
-Harmless- no exposure to ionizing radiation
-Quick
-Less expensive
-Reliable for screening purposes
Limitations:
-Difficult to read
-Less resolution than CT
-Limited to areas not blocked by bone or filled with air
Term
What are some indications for the use of MRI?
Definition
-Brain disease - white matter disease , infarction
-infections
-Soft tissues injuries that produce edema
-Abdomen and pelvc tumors
-Spine and spinal cord
Term
What are some contraindications for MRI?
Definition
Ferrous containing objects
--Surgically implanted or metallic objects
--Brain aneurysm clips

Cardiac pacemakers

Implanted medication pumps
Implanted nerve stimulating devices

Intrauterine device
Term
On T1 weighted MRI what tissue in general is displayed as bright white?
Definition
fat
Term
CSF and edma are best visualized as enhanced signal (bright white) using _____ weighted MRI.
Definition
T2
Term
The susceptibility of modern imagery that can directly treat disease through minimally invasive percutaneous access to internal structures is _______ radiology.
Definition
Interventional
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