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Anatomy Test 1-Axilla, Brachial Plexus & Arm
Axilla, Brachial Plexus & Arm
17
Anatomy
Graduate
09/24/2011

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Cards

Term
What forms the medial wall of the axilla? the anterior wall?
Definition
Medial – serratus anterior and thoracic wall

Anterior – pectoralis major and minor
Term
At what anatomic landmark does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
Definition
1st rib
Term
What is the largest branch of the axillary artery? What are its two major branches?
Definition
Subscapular Artery

Scapular circumflex artery & Thoracodorsal artery
Term
To insure survival of the upper limb (especially the hand) where can the axillary artery be ligated during an emergency procedure following a traumatic bullet-induced tear in the axillary artery just below the clavicle?
Definition
Apply pressure at the lateral border of the first rib in the angle between the clavicle and the attachment of the SCM (anywhere proximal to subscapular artery
Term
What cord of the brachial plexus lies deep to the axillary artery?
Definition
Posterior cord
Term
Name three nerves derived from the posterior cord.
Definition
Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Subscapular nerves (upper and lower)
Thorocodorsal
Term
What is the “M” of the brachial plexus?
Definition
___ musculocutaneous
< median
___ ulnar
Term
What component of the brachial plexus supplies the flexor region of the arm?
Definition
Upper roots to make up the Musculocutaneous – biceps, coracobrachialis, brachialis
Term
What muscle group in the arm is innervated by the median nerve?
Definition
None
Term
What muscle group in the arm is innervated by the radial nerve?
Definition
Posterior compartments – triceps brachii
Term
Where is the radial nerve in the arm most vulnerable to trauma?
Definition
Radial groove on humerus
Term
What three muscles attach to the corocoid process of the scapula?
Definition
Pectoralis minor
Short head of biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Term
What is the name for the most common upper brachial plexus injury?
Definition
Duchenne-Erb’s Paralysis

Due to stretching or tearing of C5-C7

Shoulder is pushed down and head is laterally flexed away from shoulder being depressed

Results in “tip taking” posture

Shoulder adducted and extended, forearm pronated, wrist flexed
Term
What motions are lost that cause the final positioning of the upper limb in Duchenne-Erb's Paralysis?
Definition
Elbow flexion, external rotation, supination
Term
What are the likely circumstances which cause upper brachial plexus injuries?
Definition
Fall on neck/shoulder from a height that increases angle

Birth – head being pulled too far to the side during delivery
Term
What is the name of the highest axillary lymph nodes within the axilla?
Definition
Apical axillary lymph nodes
Term
How does lymph from the axilla enter the circulation?
Definition
The large veins in the root of the neck – near junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins
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