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Anatomy Test 1-Anterior Chest Wall
Anterior Chest Wall & Breast
26
Anatomy
Graduate
09/21/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the jugular or sternal notch?
Definition
superior aspect (top) of manubrium
Term
What attaches at the Sternal Angle of Louis?
Definition
articulation between the manubrium and body of the sternum: Rib 2 costal cartilage
Term
Demonstrate the mid-axillary line.
Definition
Center of arm-pit down lateral aspect of body
Term
What anterior chest feature lies on the mid-clavicular line?
Definition
centered over nipple (4th ICS in male)
Term
What projects laterally at the union of the pedicle and lamina of the vertebra?
Definition
Transverse process
Term
What is a true rib and how many are there?
Definition
7 true ribs that attach directly to the sternum via costocartilage
Term
“typical: ribs attach to three bony structures. What are they?
Definition
Ribs 3-9; attach to 2 vertebrae (numerically corresponding and superior) and transverse process of same rib
Term
Did man have 13 ribs at one time?
Definition
NO
Term
Where is intercostal space 3?
Definition
Between ribs 3 and 4
Term
What is the fatty layer just beneath the skin called?
Definition
Hypodermis/superficial fascia/fat – contains blood and lymph vessels and tissue that connects skin to fascia
Term
What are Langer lines and how do they relate to scar formation?
Definition
Linear clefts in the skin indicative of the direction of the fibers

they correspond closely to the creases of the body but vary with body configuration.

Lines of incision made parallel to them are thought to heal more efficiently with minimal scarring

Also called cleavage lines.
Term
Where is the female breast anatomically located?
Definition
Superficial to the pectoralis major muscle in the hypodermis of the skin (superficial fascia)

mammallary crease occurs at rib 6

Breast extends transversely from lateral border of sternum to the midaxillary line and vertically from 2nd to 6th ribs.

A small portion of the breast may extend into the axillary region along the edge of the pec major forming the axillary process or tail (of Spence)
Term
What two vessels supply most of the blood supply to the breast?
Definition
Internal thoracic (medial aspect, originates from subclavian artery)

lateral thoracic (lateral aspect, originates from axillary artery)
Term
Most of the lymphatic drainage of breast tissue is toward which lymph nodes?
Definition
Axillary collects most drainage (75%), then travels to clavicular

Medial breast quadrants drain to parasternal nodes

Inferior quadrants may pass deeply to abdominal nodes
Term
The line on which mammary tissue can be found in mammals is called what?
Definition
Milk Line – begins in axilla and runs to groin

additional breasts can develop anywhere along this line, and only along this line
Term
What are five physical signs of breast cancer?
Definition
Lump (tumor)

Dimpling (invasion of suspensory ligaments)

Retracted nipple (invasion of lactiferous ducts)

Peu d’ orange (blockage of lymphatic’s)

Loss of mobility
Term
What is found in the deltopectoral triangle or groove?
Definition
Cephalic vein
Term
What two vessels supply the pectoral and lateral thoracic wall regions?
Definition
Lateral thoracic and thorocoacromial artery
Term
Name three structures that pierce the clavipectoral fascia above the pectoralis minor.
Definition
Cephalic vein

thorocoacromial artery and vein

lateral pectoral nerve
Term
What is the innervation to the pectoralis major?
Definition
Lateral pectoral nerve innervates superior aspect

medial pectoral nerve innervates inferior aspect (and pec minor)
Term
What is the axillary artery called proximally?
Definition
Subclavian artery

distally called brachial artery
Term
What is the action of the pectoralis major?
Definition
Internal rotation of humerus

adduction

shoulder flexion
Term
Describe the involvement of the intercostal muscles in the respiratory cycle.
Definition
External IC – runs down and anteriorly, starts posteriorly and ends at costochondral junction

Internal IC – runs down and posteriorly, starts at sternum and runs deep to external IC

Innermost IC – deep to chest plate

ALL – elevate ribs during forced inspiration,

Innermost IC – pull ribs down for forced expiration
Term
What is a neurovascular bundle?
Definition
A grouping of arteries, veins, and nerves in one location
Term
Name 2 neurovascular bundles encountered thus far.
Definition
Thorocoacromial artery and vein, and intercostal
Term
Other than muscles what is found in the intercostal spaces.
Definition
Intercostal membranes, intercostal veins and arteries, intercostal nerves, collateral nerves and vessels

INTERCOSTAL NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLE
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