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Anatomy Terms
Nervous System
22
Anatomy
9th Grade
04/18/2011

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Term
Neuron
Definition
A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell
Term
Dendrites
Definition
 A short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body
Term
Axons
Definition
The long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell.
Term
Myelin Sheath
Definition
Medullary sheath: a layer of myelin encasing (and insulating) the axons of medullated nerve fibers. 
Term
Synapse
Definition
A junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
Term
Motor Neurons
Definition
 Nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland.
Term
Sensory Neurons
Definition
Sensory nerves are nerves that receive sensory stimuli, such as how something feels and if it is painful.
Term
Ascending
Definition
Going from body to brain.
Term
Desecding
Definition
Going from brain to body.
Term
Cerebrum
Definition
 The principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres. It is responsible for the integration of sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity.
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
 The part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Either of two masses of gray matter lying between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle, relaying sensory information and acting as a center for pain perception.
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
 A region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary.
Term
Pituitary Gland
Definition
Pituitary: the master gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain.
Term
Mendula Oblongata
Definition
The continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, containing control centers for the heart and lungs.
Term
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Definition
 Clear watery fluid that fills the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. 
Term
Olfactory Nerves
Definition
 Each of the first pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the smell receptors in the mucous membrane of the nose. 
Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
A broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain.
Term
Autonomic Nervous System
Definition
The part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes. 
Term
Sympathic Nervous System
Definition
Originates in the thoracic regions of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the parasympathetic: reduces digestive secretions; speeds the heart; contracts blood vessels.
Term
Parasympatheic Nervous System
Definition
Originates in the brain stem and lower part of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system: stimulates digestive secretions; slows the heart; constricts the pupils; dilates blood vessels.
Term
Draw & Label Nerve Cells
Definition
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