Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy Sm lg Intestine Pancreas, Mesenteric A., Portal V.
KYCOM Block 2
193
Anatomy
Graduate
09/11/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what is the longest part of the alimentary canal
Definition
small intestines
Term
what marks the begining and end of the small intestines
Definition
pyloric oriface to ielocecal junction
Term
what are the main functions of the small intestine
Definition
most of the food digestion and absorption
Term
what are the parts of the small intestine
Definition
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Term
how long is the duodenum
Definition
~10 in
Term
what shape is the duodenum
Definition
C
Term
what organ lies on the duodenum
Definition
pancreas
Term
what regions is the duodenum in
Definition
epigastric and umbilical
Term
what marks the begining and end of the duodenum
Definition
pyloric oriface to duodenojejunal flexure
Term
describe the peritoneium on the first part of the duodenum
Definition
the proximal segment is intraperitoneal
Term
describe the peritoneium on the duodenum, except for the first part
Definition
retroperitoneal
Term
in which direction does the first, superior, part of the duodenum run, at what vertebra
Definition
to the right then turns inferiorly, L1
Term
what is the superior duodenal flexure
Definition
the area where the superior duodenum turns inferiorly and becomes continous with the second part of the duodenum
Term
what is the anterior border of the first part of the duodenum
Definition
liver and gall bladder
Term
what is the posterior border of the first part of the duodenum
Definition
gastroduodenal a., common bile duct, portal vein, ivc
Term
what is the superior border of the first part of the duodenum
Definition
epiploic foramen
Term
what is the inferior border of the first part of the duodenum
Definition
head of the pancreas
Term
what vertebra does the second part of the duodenum run on
Definition
L1-L3
Term
where does the second part of the duodenum begin
Definition
superior duodenal flexure
Term
what marks the interchange of the second, decending, duodenum and the third part
Definition
the inferior duodenall flexure when the decending part inferiorly turns left
Term
what is the anterior border of the second part of the duodenum
Definition
liver, gallbladder, root of transverse mesocolon,coils of si
Term
what is the posterior border of the second part of the duodenum
Definition
hilum of right kidney (and right renal vessels), right ureter, right psoas major m
Term
what is the medial border of the second, decending, part of the duodenum
Definition
head of pancreas
Term
what direction does the third part of the duodenum run, at what vertebral level
Definition
horizontal, inferior, L#
Term
what marks the junction of the third and forth part of the dduoendum
Definition
in front of the abdominal aorta
Term
what is the anterior border of the third part of the duodenum
Definition
root of the mesentery of si, superior mesenteric artery and vein
Term
what marks the posterior border of the third part of the duodenum
Definition
right psoas major muscle, iva, abdominal aorta
Term
what marks the superior border of the third part of the duodenum
Definition
head of the pancreas
Term
in what direction is the forth part of the duodenum running
Definition
ascending
Term
what marks the end of the 4th part of the duodenum
Definition
it runs superior terminating at the duodenojejunal flexure to the left of L2
Term
what is the medial border of the 4th part of the duodenum
Definition
beginning of the root of mesentery of si, head of pancreas
Term
what is the posterior border of the 4th part of the duodenum
Definition
left margin of the abdominal aorta and left psoas major m
Term
what is the duodenal ampulla/cap
Definition
the begining of the first part of the duodenum that has smooth mucosa
Term
what is the plicae circulares, where are they located, what substance is with them
Definition
the numerous circular folds with mucosa and submucosa in all but the first part of the duodenum
Term
what is the major duodenal papilla, where is it located
Definition
small elevation at the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the posteromedial wall of the 2nd part of the duodenum, where the opening for the pancreatic and bile duct is
Term
what is the hepatopancreatic amuplla, were is it
Definition
the small oriface at the tip of the major duodenal papilla
Term
what is the minor duodenal papilla, where is it located
Definition
opening of the accessory pancreatic duct in the second part of the duodenum about 2 cm above the major duodenal papilla
Term
where does the jejunum and ileum begin and end
Definition
duodenojejunal flexure to ileocecal junction
Term
how can you tell the jejunum and ileum apart
Definition
each has peculiar fetures but there is no sharp boundry
Term
describe the peritoneum of the jejunum and ileum, covering, features of that covering
Definition
intraperitoneal and freely mobile
Term
what does the mesentary of the small intestine attach, what is its function
Definition
it attaches the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall allowing movement and passage of mesenteric vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves to reach jejunu and ileum
Term
describe the boundries / location of the root of the mesentery of the small intestines
Definition
inferior and to the right on the left side of L2 and to the right of the sacroiliac joint
Term
what is the difference in location between the jejunum and ileum
Definition
jejunum: upper infracolic, ileum: lower infracolic and pelvic cavity
Term
what is the difference in diameter of the jejunum and ileum
Definition
jejunum has thicker walls
Term
describe the difference in the folds of the jejunum and ileum
Definition
jejunum circular folds are larger and more numerous
Term
describe the difference in the arcades of the jejunum and ileum
Definition
jejunum arteries have 1-2, ileum arteries have 3 or more
Term
describe the difference in the straight arteries of the jejunum and ileum
Definition
they are longer in the ileum
Term
where do the straight arteries originate from
Definition
the arcades
Term
describe the differences in lymph of the jejunum and ileum
Definition
aggrated lymph nodules (peyer's patches) are in the ileum along the antimerentric border, there are none in jejunum
Term
where does the large intestine begin and end
Definition
from the ileocecal junction to the anus
Term
what are the main functions of the large intestine
Definition
abdorption of water the electrolytes, storage of undigested materials until they can be eliminated
Term
what are some of the defining structures that disgungish the large from small intestines
Definition
teniae coli, appendices epiploicae, haustra
Term
what are the teniae coli
Definition
three bands of longitudinally aranged smooth muscle fibers around the circumferance of the large intestines
Term
what are the appendices epiploicae
Definition
large intestine fatty apendices, hang off the colon
Term
what are the haustra
Definition
sacculations in the wall of the large intestine
Term
what are the parts of the large intestine
Definition
cecum, appendix, ascending transverse decending sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
Term
describe the peritoneum of the cecum
Definition
intraperitoneal, no mesentery
Term
where is the cecum located, in what region
Definition
inferior to the ileocecal junction, in the right iliac fossa
Term
where does the appendix attach to the cecum, how many teniae coils does it incorporate
Definition
posteromedial surface, 3 coils
Term
where is the ileal oriface lcoated
Definition
in the medial wall of the cecum
Term
what is the ileocecal valve, where is it located
Definition
teo mucosal folds called superior and inferior lips that caurd the ileal oriface
Term
what is the role of the ileocecal valve
Definition
it has little function in preventing reflux from the cecum to ileum
Term
what prevents reflux from the cecum to ileum
Definition
circular muscle at the end of the ileum
Term
where is the oriface of the appendix in relation fo the ileal oriface
Definition
inferior
Term
what type of tissue is the appendix made of
Definition
lymphoid
Term
describe the peritoneum of the appendix
Definition
intraperitoneal
Term
what is the mesoappendix, where is it, what does it contain
Definition
small mesentery that has appendicular vessels off the appendix and fat
Term
what role to the teniae coli related to the appendix play
Definition
location during surgery
Term
what kind of fibers innervate the appenxix, what spinal nerve are they from
Definition
sensory of T10
Term
where is pain from the appendix referred to
Definition
around the umbilicus
Term
where are the possible locations of the tip of the appendix
Definition
hanging down onto pelvis against right pelvic wall, posterior to cecum, projecting upward along lateral side of cecum, projecting upward anterior or posterior to the terminal part of the ileum
Term
what is the medical significance of McBurney's point
Definition
usually the point of max tenderness on palpation of eppendicitis
Term
where is mcburney's point located
Definition
1/3 up from the right ASIS to the umbilicus
Term
what marks the beginning and end of the ascending colon
Definition
ileocecal junction to right hepatic colic flexure near the inferior right liver lobe
Term
describe the peritonieum of the ascending colon
Definition
secondary retroperitoneal
Term
what marks the beginning and end of the transverse colon
Definition
right hepatic/colic flexure to left splenic/colic flexure
Term
which flexure is more sperior and posterior, hepatic or splenic
Definition
left colic / hepatic
Term
describe the peritoneum of the transverse colon
Definition
it is the transverse mesocolon making it intraperitoneal
Term
what marks the begining and end of the descending colon
Definition
left splenic / colic flexure to pelvic brim
Term
describe the peritoneum of the descending colon
Definition
secondary retroperitoneal
Term
what marks the begining and end (vertebral) of the sigmoid colon
Definition
pelvic brim to the pelvic cavity near S3
Term
describe the peritonieum of the sigmoid colon
Definition
intraperotineal, has the sigmoid mesocolon connecting it to the posterior abdominal wall and pelvic wall
Term
why is the location of the sigmoid colon different than that of the other large intestine parts
Definition
it is the only one that dops into the pelvic cavity
Term
what are the functions of the pancreas
Definition
exocrine and endocrine gland
Term
what does the pancreas produce as an exocrine gland
Definition
enzymes for digresion of proteins, fats, and carbs
Term
what does the pancreas produce as an endocrine gland
Definition
hromones like insulin and glucagon
Term
what is another name of the endocrine portion of the pancreas
Definition
islets of langerhans
Term
what regions is the pancreas located in
Definition
left hypochondriac and epigastric
Term
describe the peritonieum of the pancreas
Definition
retroperitoneal, and part intraperitoneal
Term
what are the parts of the pancreas (4)
Definition
head, neck, body, tail
Term
where is the head of the pancreas located
Definition
in the concavity of the duodenum
Term
wwhere is the unicate process located, especially in relation to important vessels
Definition
on the lower part of the head of the pancreas extending left, posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels
Term
where is the neck of the pancreas located, especially in relation to important vessels
Definition
between head and body, anterior to orans of the portal vein and suprtior mesenteric artery
Term
how can the body of the pancreas be identified
Definition
it is the longest part
Term
describe how the body of the pancreas extends
Definition
to the left and slightly superior
Term
what ligament is the tail of the pancreas located in
Definition
splenorenal ligament, in contact with the hilum of the spleen
Term
what is the anterior border of the pancreas
Definition
lesser sac, stomach, root of transverse mesocolon
Term
what is the posterior border of the pancreas
Definition
common bile duct, origin of portal vein, ivc, abdominal aorta, origin of superior mesenteric artery, splenic vein, l kidney, l, suprerenal gland
Term
what is the superior border of the pancreas
Definition
splenic artery
Term
what are the ducts of the pancreas
Definition
principal (main) pancreatic duct, accessory panreatic duct
Term
what is the location of the principal pancreatic duct
Definition
begins at tail of pancres down the length of the organ
Term
where does the main pancreatic duct have openings
Definition
tail of pancreas, joins the common bile duct, then goes into the second part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
Term
where does the accessory pancreatic duct have openings
Definition
the upper part of the head to the second part of the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla
Term
where does the superior mesenteric artery branch from, at what vertebra, near what organ
Definition
anterior abdominal aorta at L1, posterior to the neck of the pancreas
Term
describe the path of the superior mesenteric artery
Definition
passes anterior to the left renal vein, anterior to uncinate process of pancreas, anteior to 3rd part of duodenum, continues on root of mesentery of si
Term
what does the superior mesenteric artery supply
Definition
head of pancreas, distal duodenum, jejunum, ilecum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
Term
what branches off the superior mesenteric artery
Definition
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a, jejunial and ileal a, ileocolic a, r colic a, middle colic a,
Term
what does the pancreaticoduodenal artery divide into
Definition
anterior and posterior branches
Term
what does the pancreaticoduodenal aetery supply
Definition
lower part of head of pancreas and distal duodenum
Term
how does the pancreaticoduodenal artery end
Definition
anastomose with superior pancreaticoduodenal branches of the gastroduodenal a
Term
how many jejunal and ileal arteries are there
Definition
15-20
Term
where do the jejunal and ileal arteries branch from
Definition
left side of the superior mesenteric artery
Term
describe the path of the jejunal and ileal arteries
Definition
between 2 layers of mesentery of si to coils of jujenum and ileum, form arterial arcades to increase number of arteries and make straight arteries to supply intestinal walls
Term
what is the lowest branch on the right of the superior mesenteric artery
Definition
ileocolic a
Term
what do the branches of the ileocolic a supply
Definition
ileum, cecum, appendix, begining of ascending colon
Term
how does the ileocolic a end
Definition
anastomoses with the r colic artery and last ileal branch of the superior mesenteric artery
Term
what does the right colic artery divide into
Definition
ascending and descending branches
Term
how do the descending branches of the right colic artery end
Definition
anastomoses with ileocolic a
Term
how do the ascending branches of the right colic artery end
Definition
anastomoses with the middle colic a
Term
what does the right colic artery supply
Definition
ascending colon and begining of transverse colon
Term
what is the right colic artery said to be variable
Definition
because it can originate from the superior mesenteric artery, ileocolic artery, middle colic artery, or may be absent
Term
where is the middle colic artery located
Definition
between the two layers of the transverse mesocolon
Term
what does the middle colic artery divide into
Definition
l and r branches
Term
how does the right branch of the middle colic artery end
Definition
anastomoses with right colic artery
Term
how does the left branch of the middle colic artery end
Definition
anastomoses with left colic artery
Term
where does the left colic artery branch from
Definition
inferior mesenteric a
Term
what does the middle colic artery supply
Definition
proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
Term
where does the inferior mesenteric artery branch from, in what direction, at what vertebra
Definition
lower andominal aorta anteriorly at L3
Term
after it originates where is the inferior mesenteric artery located
Definition
inferiorly, posterior to the peritoneum of the left infracolic compartment, crosses left common iliac vessels and continues into pelvis as superior rectal artery
Term
what happens when the inferior mesenteric artery enters the pelvis
Definition
it changes name to the superior rectal artery
Term
what does the inferior mesenteric artery supply
Definition
distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper half of the anal canal
Term
what are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
Definition
left colic artery, sigmoid arteries, superior rectal artery
Term
what does the left colic artery divide into
Definition
ascending and descending branches
Term
how does the left colic artery descending branch end
Definition
anastomoses with 2st sigmoid srtery
Term
how does the left colic artery ascending branch and
Definition
anastomoses with middle colic artery
Term
what does the left colic artery supply
Definition
distal 1/3 of the transverse colon and descending colon
Term
how many sigmoid arteries are there
Definition
2-3
Term
where are the sigmoid arteries located
Definition
between the two layer of the sigmoid mesocolon
Term
what do the sigmoid arteries supply
Definition
sigmoid colon
Term
where do the sigmoid arteries end
Definition
anastomoses above with left colic artery
Term
what is different about the ending of the last sigmoid artery
Definition
it has a weak or no anastomosis below with the superior rectal artery
Term
where is the superior rectal artery located
Definition
inferior continuation of the inferior mesentaric artery, decends in the pelvis posterior to the rectum,
Term
what does the superior rectal artery supply
Definition
rectum and upper anall canal
Term
how does the superior rectal artery end
Definition
anastomoses with middle and inferior rectal arteries
Term
what are the middle and inferior rectal arteries branches of
Definition
internal iliac and internal pudenal a
Term
describe the path of the marginal artery
Definition
continous arterial channel that skirts inner margin of colon from ileocolic junction to rectosigmoid junction
Term
what branches does the marginal artery consist of
Definition
ileocolic, right colic, middle colic, left colic, and sigmoid arteries. it is the line drawn by the arteries on the margin of the colon due to their anastamosis
Term
what does the marginal artery supply
Definition
collateral circulation to part of the colon when the chief arterial supply has been obstructed or ligated
Term
what does the portal vein drain
Definition
lower 1/3 of esophagus to upper 1/2 of the anal canal, spleen, pancreas, all unpaired abdominal organs but the liver
Term
where does the portal vein end
Definition
liver sinusoids
Term
where does the portal vein begin
Definition
capillary pplexuses of organs drained by the portal vein
Term
in general, the portal vein begins from what union of veins
Definition
superior mesenteric and splenic veins
Term
where is the portal vein in relation to the 1st part of the duodenum
Definition
posterior
Term
where does the main part of the portal vein run
Definition
within the hepatoduodenal ligament, posterior to the proper hepatic a and common bile duct
Term
what happens when the portal vein reaches the porta hepatis
Definition
it divieds into the right and left terminal branches
Term
what are the tributaries to the portal vein
Definition
splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, short gastric v, left gastroepiploic v, pancreatic v, inferior mesenteric v
Term
what arteries does the portal vein run with / correspond with
Definition
splenic,
Term
what does the inferior mesenteric vein drin
Definition
territory supplied by the inferior mesenteric a
Term
what veins does the inferior mesenteric vein recieve
Definition
left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal
Term
describe the relation to the peritonieum of the inferior mesenteric vein as it ascends
Definition
posteior to it
Term
how does the inferior mesenteric vein end and where
Definition
joins splenic vein posterior to pancreas or the splenic and superior mesenteric vein junction, or the superior mesenteric vein alone
Term
what artery does the superior mesenteriv vein run with
Definition
the superior mesenteric a
Term
describe the location of the superior mesenteric vein in regards to the pancreas and duodenum
Definition
passes posterior
Term
where does the superior mesenteric vein end
Definition
joins splenic vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas
Term
what does the joining of the superior mesenteric and splenic vein form
Definition
portal vein
Term
what tributaties does the superior mesenteric vein recieve
Definition
inferior pancreaticoduodenal, jejuna, ileal, ileocolic, r colic, middle colic, r gastroepiploic
Term
where do the r and l gastric veins collece from
Definition
lesser curvature of stomach
Term
where do the r and l gastric veins drain into
Definition
portal vein
Term
where does the superior pencreaticoduodenal veins drain
Definition
into the portal vein or the superior mesenteric vein
Term
what does the cystic veins drain
Definition
blood from the gallbladder directly into the hepatic veins within the liver or may join the portal vein
Term
where are the papaumbilical veins located
Definition
along the round ligament of the liver
Term
what does the paraumbilical veins connect
Definition
veins of anterior abdominal wall to portal vein
Term
what is the 'direct route' of portal vein blood
Definition
portal vein to the liver then to the iva
Term
what are some of the indirect routes for the portal vein
Definition
portal system goes to svc, ive
Term
what happens if the direct route of the portal vein is blocked
Definition
it cause portal hypertension or cirrhosis of the liver and portal anastomoses become enlarged and may rupture
Term
where are the common sites of portal systemic anastomoses
Definition
lower esophagus, walls of rectum and anal canal, intrior andominal wall, wherever non-peritoneal areas of intestines, liver, pancreas are in contact with the body wall
Term
where in the esophagus does cirosis occur
Definition
between esophageal tributaries of left gastric and esophageal veins that drain into the azygos,
Term
what does cirosis in the esophagus cause
Definition
esophageal varcies
Term
where does cirosis occur in the rectal and anal canal
Definition
tributaries of the rectal vein anastomose with tributaries of the middle and inferior rectal veins
Term
what does cirosis in the retal and anal canal cause
Definition
internal herorrhoids, not common
Term
where does cirosis in the anterior abdominal wall occur
Definition
paraumbilical veins connect portal vein with superificial veins of anterior abdominal wall which drain superior into axillary vein or inferior to femoral vein
Term
what does cirosis in the anterior abdominal wall cause
Definition
caput medusae
Term
what happens when cirosis occurs in the wall behind the colon
Definition
nothing, not clinically significant
Term
why is there variability in the location of the accessory pancreatic duct
Definition
sometimes it goes into the duodenum alone and sometimes it joins the primary pancreatic duct first
Term
what marks the begining and end of the small intestine mesentary root
Definition
ileocecal junction to duodunaljujunal junction
Term
in general, what does the superior mesenteric a supply
Definition
jujunum, ileu, cecum, and 2/3 of transverse colon
Term
what comes together to make the base of the appendix
Definition
3 tenia coli that were running along the colon
Term
describe the peritonieum of the tail of the pancreas
Definition
intraperitoneal
Term
describe the location of the neck of the pancreas in relation to the portal vein and superior mesenteric artery
Definition
it is anterior to them
Term
what is the basic definition of a portal system / circulation
Definition
system with two capillary beds.
Term
in what organs are portal systems found
Definition
pituitary, kidney, adrenal, liver
Term
describe the basic flow of the liver's portal system
Definition
venous dranage goes to 1st capillaries then portal vein then liver capillaries then hepatic vein then IVC
Term
where exactly does cirosis occur when it is near the wall behind the colon
Definition
paracolic anastamosis
Supporting users have an ad free experience!