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Anatomy-Shark Musculature
Lab Practical 2
23
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/18/2014

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Cards

Term
Pectoral abductors
Definition
on top of fin

function: abducts fin
Term
pectoral adductors
Definition
underneath fin

function: adducts fin
Term
epaxial and hypaxial muscles
Definition
epaxial muscles: located above lateral line
hypaxial muscles: located below lateral line

function: lateral movement of trunk for swimming
Term
dorsal and ventral superficial constrictors
Definition
dorsal: top half of interbranchial septum
ventral: bottom half of interbranchial septum

function: compresses gill pouches
Term
adductor mandibularis
Definition
large, round muscles behind mouth

function: closes mouth
Term
spiracularis
Definition
located anterior to spiracle

function: closes spiracular valve
Term
intermandibularis
Definition
muscle running under jaw, extending in a triangle down to the middle of the coracoid bar

function: raises the floor of the mouth
Term
levator hyomandibularis
Definition
posterior to the spiracle

function: compresses gill pouches
Term
levator palatoquadri
Definition
anterior to the spiracle

function: elevates upper jaw (palatoquadrate)
Term
cucullaris
Definition
lies dorsal to constrictor, is in front of lateral longitudinal bundle; runs from head to pectoral fins

function: elevates gill arches and pectoral girdle
Term
coracoarcual
Definition
triangular muscle that lies anterior to the coracoid bar, and medially between the ventral superficial constrictor muscles

function: opens mouth
Term
coracohyoid
Definition
elongated muscle that lies lateral to the coracomandibular, it barely peeks out between that and the ventral superficial branchial constrictor

function: opens mouth
Term
coracomandibularis
Definition
long, midventral skinny muscle that extends from lower jaw down to coracoid bar

function: opens mouth
Term
muscles of the eye
Definition
dorsal rectus
ventral rectus
lateral rectus
medial rectus
dorsal oblique
ventral oblique
Term
myomeres
Definition
segments of axial muscle
Term
myoseptum
Definition
connective tissue that holds together myomeres of axial muscle
Term
cloaca
Definition
chamber into which urinary, reproductive, and digestive tracts exit

divided by the urinary papilla (F) or the urogenital papilla (M)
Term
interbranchial septum
Definition
nervous, muscular, connective, and blood vascular tissue supported by gill arches
Term
ampullae of Lorenzini
Definition
pores on head and nose that contain a gel-like substance
they detect sensory (electrical) signals
Term
countershading
Definition
being darker on top, lighter on bottom
Term
lateral line/horizontal skeletogenous septum
Definition
line running from head to tail on sides, with a lateral canal underneath (contains sensory nerve endings, opens to surface via tiny pores)
Term
labial pocket
Definition
slits laterally located by the ends of the mouth
Term
heterocecal tail
Definition
top and bottom of tail are shaped differently
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