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ANATOMY-set 4
set 4
20
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/21/2009

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Cards

Term
mitochondria
Definition
takes chemical energy from food, produces the ATP molecule
Term
nucleus
Definition
cell's control center, largest organelle
Term
*nucleosomes-DNA coiled around histones
*chromatin-loosely coiled DNA (cells not dividing)
*chromosomes-tightly coiled DNA (cells dividing)
Definition
DNA organization
Term
gene
Definition
DNA instructions for ONE protein
Term
selective permeability
Definition
a membrane that restricts movement
Term
-diffusion (passive)
-carrier-mediated transport (passive or active)
-vesicular transport (active)
Definition
3 categories of transport
Term
osmosis
Definition
diffusion of water across cell membrane
Term
cotransport
Definition
2 substances move in the same direction at the same time
Term
countertransport
Definition
1 substance moves in, while other moves out
Term
receptor mediated endocytosis
Definition
receptors (glycoproteins), bind target molecules (ligands). coated vesicle (endosome) carries ligands and receptors to cell
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
endosomes "drink" extracellular fluid
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
engulf large objects in phagosomes
Term
-DNA replication-duplicates genetic material exactly
-mitosis-divides genetic material equally
-cytokinesis-divides cytoplasm and organelles into 2 daughter cells
Definition
cell cycle
Term
mitosis
Definition
duplication of chromosomes. distribution of duplicated chromosomes into two daughter cells. somatic cell nuclear division
Term
chromosomes
Definition
tightly coiled DNA (cells not dividing)
Term
chromatid
Definition
loosey coiled DNA (cells not dividing), two sides of chromosome
Term
centromere
Definition
middle attatchment of chromosome
Term
p arm
*p=petite
Definition
upper arm, each chromosome has 2, smallest arm.
Term
q arm
*q=next letter after p
Definition
lower arm, each chromosome has 2
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
occurs by contriction of actin fibers forming a belt around cell in animcal cells
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