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Anatomy Revision
Revision notecards for summative on upper and lowe limbs
102
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/26/2015

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Cards

Term
What are the bones of the upper limb?
Definition
Pectoral girdle: clavicle and scapula
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Term
What is the function of the pectoral girdle?
Definition
Attaches bones of the upper limb to axial skeleton
Term
What skeleton are the clavicle and scapula part of?
Definition
Appendicular
Term
What is the only part of the upper limb that articulates with the axial skeleton?
Definition
Clavicle
Term
What is the technical name for the shoulder blade?
Definition
Scapula
Term
What is the largest bones of the upper arm?
Definition
Humerus
Term
Which bone is the fixed bone of the forearm?
Definition
Ulna
(Always associated with the pinky finger)
Term
What does the right side have in arterial supply that the left side does not?
Definition
Brachiocephalic trunk that splits into right common carotid and subclavian
Term
What artery supplies blood to the upper extremity?
Definition
Subclavian artery
Term
When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
Definition
At the first rib
Term
When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
Definition
Teres MAJOR
Term
What is the path of the brachial artery and what smaller arteries branch off from it?
Definition
Down the humerus and crosses the elbow where radial and ulnar arteries branch off
Term
What is the medial branch of the brachial artery?
Definition
Ulnar artery
Term
What is the lateral branch of the brachial artery?
Definition
Radial artery
Term
Where do the radial and ulnar arteries anastomose?
Definition
At the palm of the hand, forming the superficial and deep palmar arches
Term
What branches off from the superficial and deep palmar arches?
Definition
Digital arteries to supply fingers
Term
What blood vessels allow drainage of the upper extremity?
Definition
Ulnar; radial; brachial; and axillary veins
Term
Which veins in the hand are often associated with each other?
Definition
Ulnar, radial and brachial
Term
Where are the superficial veins located?
Definition
In the superficial fascia
Term
On what side of the arm is the cephalic vein located?
Definition
Preaxial
Term
Where does the cephalic vein pass through in the axillary region?
Definition
Between the deltoid and pectoralis major
(Deltopectoral groove)
Term
When does the basilic vein meet the axillary vein?
Definition
When it joins with the brachial vein
Term
What does the median cubital vein join to?
Definition
The cephalic and basilic veins
Term
What does the median cubital vein sit of top of?
Definition
Biceps brachii tendon
Term
What does the brachial plexus provide in general?
Definition
Motor and sensory function
Term
What are the nerve root values of the interior rami of the brachial plexus?
Definition
C5 - T1
Term
WHat is a prefixed brachial plexus?
Definition
Anterior ramus of C4 contributes to the brachial plexus
Term
WHat is a postfixed brachial plexus
Definition
Anterior ramus of T2 contibutes, but may or may not have C5 involved
Term
Where is the inversion site of the brachial plexus and where doe sit pass through?
Definition
Posterior triangle in neck
Between anterior and medial scalelen and follows near subclavian artery
Term
What are the divisions of motor neurons of the brachial plexus?`
Definition
Anterior and posterior divisions
Term
What does the anterior part of the brachial plexus supply?
Definition
Flexors
Term
What does the posterior part of the brachial plexus supply?
Definition
Extensors
Term
What are the root values of the sympathetics of the brachial plexus?
Definition
T2 - T6
Term
What are the functions of the sympathetic brachial plexus?
Definition
Vasomotor
Arrector pilli muscles
Sweat gland function in skin
Term
What makes up the roots of the brachial plexus?
Definition
C5 - T1
Term
What major nerves come off the roots of the brachial plexus?
Definition
Dorsal scapular nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Term
What does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?
Definition
Rhomboid major and minor
Levetor scapulae
Term
What does the long thoracic nerve supply?
Definition
Serratus anterior
Term
Where do the trunks of the brachial plexus originate?
Definition
Posterior triangle of the neck
Term
What root values does the superior trunk of the brachial plexus originate from?
Definition
C5 - C6
Term
What are the root values that the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus originates from?
Definition
C8 - T1
Term
What are the major nerves that come off of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?
Definition
Subclavian nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Term
What does the subclavian nerve supply
Definition
Subclavius
Term
What does the suprascapular nerve supply?
Definition
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus
(Rotator cuff muscles)
Term
Where are the divisions of the brachial plexus?
Definition
Behind the clavice
Term
What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?
Definition
Anterior and posterior
Term
What muscles does the anterior division of the brachial plexus supply?
Definition
Flexors
Term
What muscles does the posterior division of the brachial plexus supply?
Definition
Extensors
Term
Where are the cords of the brachial plexus?
Definition
Around the axillary artery
Term
How are the cords of the brachial plexus named?
(Hint: In relation to what)
Definition
In relation to the axillary artery
Term
What parts of the brachial plexus form the lateral cord?
Definition
Anterior division of the superior and medial trunks
Term
What nerve comes off the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
Definition
Lateral pectoral N
Term
What is the alternative name for the inferior tip of the scapula?
Definition
Acromion
Term
Why are the two necks of the humerus at different positions?
Definition
Term
Which two bony structures articulate to form the glenohumeral joint?
Definition
Acromion
Scapula
Term
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint and what movements can occur there?
(Hint: There are 5 movements)
Definition
Synovial ball and socket
Circumduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, elevation, depression
Term
What structure helps to deepen the glenohumeral joint socket and increase joint stability?
Definition
Ligaments
Term
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Definition
Synovial plane joint
Term
Are the articular surfaces of the sternoclavicular joint congruent or incongruent?
Definition
Incongruent
Term
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Definition
Synovial saddle joint
Term
What type of movements can be performed at the sternoclavicular joint?
Definition
Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, rotation
Term
What vertebral body lies at the same horizontal level as the spine of the scapula?
Definition
T2
Term
What nerve is responsible for the "funny bone" sensation? Where is this nerve located?
Definition
The ulnar nerve
Passes into the forearm along the posterior side of the medial epicondyle
Term
How does the scapula move when each of these parts are contracted? Descending (superior); middle; ascending (inferior).
Definition
Elevation
Retraction
Depression
Term
What muscle assists the deltoid in abduction at the glenohumeral joint?
Definition
Superspinatus
Term
What direction is the glenohumeral joint most likely to be dislocated?
Definition
Anterior
Term
Why is the teres major not regarded as a rotator cuff muscle?
Definition
Does not attach to the capsule of the glenohumeral joint
Term
What factors cause individual joint movement capabilities?
Definition
An individual’s mix of muscle fibre type is largely genetic so may restrict movement
Injury
Term
At what joints does pronation and supination occur?
Definition
Radio-ulnar joints
Proximal radioulnar joint, Distal radioulnar joint
Term
On which bony process is the trochlear notch found?
Definition
Ulna
Term
What structures limit the range of flexion and extension at the elbow joint?
Definition
Lateral and medial collateral ligaments
Term
What type of joint are the superior (proximal) and inferior (distal) radio-ulnar joints?
Definition
Synovial pivot joint
Term
What movements can occur at the wrist joint? What type of joint is it?
Definition
Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Synovial ellipsoid joint
Term
Which two bony structures articulate to form the glenohumeral joint?
Definition
Acromion
Scapula
Term
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint and what movements can occur there?
(Hint: There are 5 movements)
Definition
Synovial ball and socket
Circumduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, elevation, depression
Term
What structure helps to deepen the glenohumeral joint socket and increase joint stability?
Definition
Ligaments
Term
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Definition
Synovial plane joint
Term
Are the articular surfaces of the sternoclavicular joint congruent or incongruent?
Definition
Incongruent
Term
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Definition
Synovial saddle joint
Term
What type of movements can be performed at the sternoclavicular joint?
Definition
Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, rotation
Term
What vertebral body lies at the same horizontal level as the spine of the scapula?
Definition
T2
Term
What nerve is responsible for the "funny bone" sensation? Where is this nerve located?
Definition
The ulnar nerve
Passes into the forearm along the posterior side of the medial epicondyle
Term
How does the scapula move when each of these parts are contracted? Descending (superior); middle; ascending (inferior).
Definition
Elevation
Retraction
Depression
Term
What muscle assists the deltoid in abduction at the glenohumeral joint?
Definition
Superspinatus
Term
What direction is the glenohumeral joint most likely to be dislocated?
Definition
Anterior
Term
Why is the teres major not regarded as a rotator cuff muscle?
Definition
Does not attach to the capsule of the glenohumeral joint
Term
What factors cause individual joint movement capabilities?
Definition
An individual’s mix of muscle fibre type is largely genetic so may restrict movement
Injury
Term
At what joints does pronation and supination occur?
Definition
Radio-ulnar joints
Proximal radioulnar joint, Distal radioulnar joint
Term
On which bony process is the trochlear notch found?
Definition
Ulna
Term
What structures limit the range of flexion and extension at the elbow joint?
Definition
Lateral and medial collateral ligaments
Term
What type of joint are the superior (proximal) and inferior (distal) radio-ulnar joints?
Definition
Synovial pivot joint
Term
What movements can occur at the wrist joint? What type of joint is it?
Definition
Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Synovial ellipsoid joint
Term
What are the three flexor muscles of the arm? What is the nerve that supplies them?
Definition
BBC
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Supplied by musculotaneous nerve
Term
Which head of the biceps brachii arises from the caracoid process along with the coracobrachialis?
Definition
The short head
Term
Which head of the biceps brachii passes through the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?
Definition
The long head. The intertubercular sulcus is also known as the bicipital groove
Term
What bony process of the radius does the tendon of the biceps attach distally?
Definition
Medial epicondyle
Term
What is the action of the biceps on the: shoulder joint?; elbow joint?; superior radio-ulnar joint?
Definition
Weak flexion of the forearm
Flexion of the forearm
Term
What joints are passed by the coracobrachialis? The brachialis?
Definition
Shoulder joint
Elbow joint
Term
Which muscle of the anterior compartment is the only pure flexor of the forearm?
Definition
Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Term
What is the function of the lateral head of the humerus when then the arm is abducted?
Definition
Support
Term
Which muscle of the anterior compartment is the only pure flexor of the forearm?
Definition
Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Term
What is the function of the lateral head of the humerus when then the arm is abducted?
Definition
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