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Anatomy Quiz-Lower Limb
Dr. Goss 11/11/11
100
Anatomy
Professional
11/08/2011

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Cards

Term
Where is the center of gravity?
Definition
anterior to SII, knee and ankle
posterior to hip joint
Term
Name the carpals? (clockwise starting at calcaneous)
Definition
Calcaneous
Talus (most superior)
Navicular
Medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms
Cuboid
Term
What are the 2 major hip muscle flexors that O in the lumbar vertebrae and I on the proximal end of the femur?
Definition
iliacus and psoas
Term
What are the three compartments of the thigh muscles and their fxns?
Definition
medial compartment- adduct
anterior compartment- extend muscles of knee (except rectus)
posterior compartment- extend hip, flex knee
Term
What are the fxns of the sartorius muscle?
Definition
cross legs, flex, external rotation and abduction of hip
Term
What is the fxn of the quadratus femoris and obturator internus?
Definition
rotate hip
Term
What are the abductors of the hip?
Definition
gluteus medius and minimus
Term
What are the extensors of the hip?
Definition
gluteus maximus
Term
What do the lateral leg muscles do?
Definition
evert the foot
Term
What do the anterior leg muscles do? posterior?
Definition
-dorsi flex and extend digits
-plantar flex (walk on toes) and flex toes
Term
What are the 4 major entry and exit points bw lower limb and abdomen pelvis and perineum?
Definition
-gap bw inguinal ligament and pelvic bone
-greater sciatic foramen (superior and inferior portion around piriformis muscle)
-lesser sciatic foramen
-obturator canal
Term
What muscles passes under inguinal ligament?
Definition
psoas major, iliacus, pectineus
Term
What VANs pass under inguinal ligament?
Definition
V: femoral vein
A: femoral artery
N: femoral nerve, femoral branch of genitofemoral nerves, and lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
Term
What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?
Definition
-piriforms
-nerves: sciatic, superior and inferior gluteal and pudendal
-superior and inferior gluteal arteries and veins and inernal pudendal artery
Term
What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?
Definition
gluteus maximus
Term
If baby cannot come through all the way, which nerve is blocked?
Definition
pudendal
Term
Who goes out greater sciatic and then back through inferior sciatic to pelvis?
Definition
pudendal
Term
What passes through the obturator foramen?
Definition
-obturator nerve and vessels
Term
What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Definition
-obturator internus muscle is most important
-pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels back ito perineum
Term
What are the dermatomes of the lower limb? p.523
Definition
L1 over inguinal ligament
L2 lateral side
L3 medial side
L4 great toe (lateral lower leg)
L5 lateral side digit 2-4
S1 little toe
S2 back of the thigh
S3 skin over gluteal fold
S4&S5 perineum
Term
What are the mytomes or the lower limb?
Definition
Flexion of the hip is L1 and L2
Extension of the knee is L3 and L4
Knee flexion is L5-S2
Plantar flexion is S1 and S2
Term
What does the obturator nerve innervate? femoral? gluteal and tibial? sciatic?
Definition
-medial compartment of thigh
-ant. compartment of thigh
-post compartment of thigh
-post. compartment of thigh, leg and sole of foot
Term
What nerves does the patellar tendon reflex test? calcaneal tendon reflex?
Definition
L3 and 4

S1 and S2
Term
What large veins do NOT follow artery names?
Definition
saphenous veins- used for transplant
Term
Where is the inferior gluteal line?
Definition
-superior to AIIS
-ends near posterior margin of acetabulum
Term
Where is anterior gluteal line?
Definition
O: lateral margin of iliac crest
I: uppermargin of greater sciatic foramen
Term
Where is the posterior gluteal line?
Definition
-O: iliac crest
-descends vertically
-I: PIIS
Term
What does the ischiopubic ramus provide attachment for?
Definition
Adductor longus, brevis, magnus, pectineus and gracilis
Term
What is the nonarticular part of the acetabulum?
Definition
-acetabular fossa
-attachment for:
-ligament of head of femur muscles and nerves
Term
What is the articular surface of the acetabulum?
Definition
-The lunate surface
-where most of the body's weight is transmitted though the pelvis to the femur
Term
What is coxa valga?
Definition
-when angle of inclination bw long axis of femoral neck and femoral shaft is increased. >135 degrees
-cause: slipped epiphysis of femoral head
Term
What is coxa vara?
Definition
When the angle of inclination bw femoral neck and shaft is decreased
Term
What are the 3 types of femoral fractures and how?
Definition
@ Femoral neck
-disrupts vessels, possible surgery
@intertrochanteric
-repaired with a plate or a pin
@femoral shaft
-much force is needed
Term
In the hip joint, the femur head is covered by hyaline cartilage except for where?
Definition
fovea
Term
What does the acetabular labrum do?
Definition
-raises rim of acetabulum
-bridges across acetabular notch
-converts the notch into a foramen
Term
What does the transverse acetabular ligament contain?
Definition
obturator artery-supplies head of femur.
Term
What is sometimes called the Y ligament and what is its fxn?
Definition
iliofemoral ligament
-fxn: stabilizes hip, especially in extension and hyperextension
Term
What 3 ligaments stabilize the joint, and become taut when it is extended?
Definition
Pubofemoral Anterior inferior
Ishiofemoral ligament Posterior
Term
What is the vascular supply of the hip?
Definition
-obturator artery branches
-circumflex femoral arteries
-branch of deep artery of the thigh
Term
What is the innervation of the hip?
Definition
femoral
obturator
superior gluteal nerves
Term
What separates the greater sciatic foramen into superior and inferior parts?
Definition
piriformis muscles
Term
What does the sciatic nerve innervate?
Definition
-obturator internus
-quadratus femoris
Term
What nerves make up the femoral nerve and what do they innervate?
Definition
L2-4
-MUSCLES of anterior compartment
-SKIN of ant. thigh, medial knee, leg and foot
Term
What nerves make up the obturator nerve and what do they innervate?
Definition
L2-4
-MUSCCLES in medial compartment of thigh (except adductor magnus)
-SKIN in medial side of upper thigh
Term
What nerves make up the sciatic nerve, what does it divide into and what do they innervate?
Definition
L4-S3

-divides into common fibular (posterior) and tibial (anterior)

-MUSCLES-all post compartment of thigh, adductor magnus, all leg and foot
-SKIN-lateral side of leg and foot
Term
What nerves make up the gluteal superior nerve and what do they innervate?
Definition
L4-S1

-Gluteus medius, minimus and TFL (tensor fascia latae)
Term
What nerves make up the gluteal inferior nerve and what does it innervate?
Definition
L5-S2

gluteus maximus
Term
What nerves make up the ilio inguinal nerve and what do they innervate?
Definition
L1-

SKIN-on medial side of upper thigh
Term
What nerves make up the genitofemoral nerve and what do they innervate?
Definition
L1 and 2

SKIN on central part of anterior thigh
Term
What nerves make up the lateral nerve and what do they innervate?
Definition
L2 and 3

SKIN on lateral side of thigh
Term
What nerves make up the posterior cutaneous nerve and what do they innervate?
Definition
S1-3

SKIN from gluteal fold to posterior thigh
Term
What nerves make up the quadratus femoris nerve and what do they innervate?
Definition
L4-S1

-gemellus inferior and quadratus femoris
Term
What nerves make up the obturator internus nerve and what do they innervate?
Definition
L5-S2

superior gemellus and quadratus femoris
Term
What nerves make up the perforating cutaneous nerve and what do they innervate?
Definition
S2-3

skin over medial aspect of gluteal fold
Term
What does the external iliac artery continue onto inferiorly?
Definition
femoral continuation
Term
What makes you more likely to develop varicose veins?
Definition
-GENETICS
-pregnant women
-people with excessive stress or weight
Term
What can DVT cause if the thrombus breaks off?
Definition
pulmonary embolism
-occlusion of pulmonary artery
-cardiopulmonary arrest
-death
Term
What is the significance of the femoral triangle?
Definition
-femoral VAN found here (artery especially)
Term
How can you find the femoral artery?
Definition
Find anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), go halfway down inguinal ligament to get femoral artery.
Term
What is the femoral artery used for clinically?
Definition
-to place catheters around arch of aorta and coronary arteries
-to perform coronary angiography and angioplasty
-to place catheters in renal veins, gonadal veins-->right atrium
Term
What do muscles of gluteal region do, and where do they insert?
Definition
-abduct, extend and externally rotate femur
-I: greater trochanter
Term
What are the deep group of small muscles that laterally rotate the femur?
Definition
Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris
Term
What muscles prevent hip drop?
Definition
gluteus medius and minimus.
Term
What does the iliotibial band do? tensor fascia latae?
Definition
stabilizes hip joint by holding head of femur in the acetabulum

stabilizes knee in extension-works with iliotibial to do above as well.
Term
What does the iliotibial band do? tensor fascia latae?
Definition
stabilizes hip joint by holding head of femur in the acetabulum

stabilizes knee in extension-works with iliotibial to do above as well.
Term
DO NOT WANT TO GO THROUGH MID-GLUTEUS WHEN GIVING INJECTIONS why? where do you want to give them?
Definition
may hit sciatic nerve, which can cause a gait problem
-upper lateral quadrant
Term
What compartment of the thigh is good to have stretched before childbirth during lamaz classes?
Definition
medial
Term
What compartment of the thigh is good to have stretched before childbirth during lamaz classes?
Definition
medial
Term
What compartment of the thigh is good to have stretched before childbirth during lamaz classes?
Definition
medial
Term
What are the muscles of the quadriceps muscle? Is the only group to do what?
Definition
-vastus lateralis
-vastus intermedius
-rectus femoris

-all come together to form patellar ligament

-straighten femur, flexes hip, and extends knee
Term
What terminated at the adductor tubercle?
Definition
medial and lateral supracondylar lines.
Term
What is in bw the condyles of the femur posteriorly? anteriorly?
Definition
intercondylar fossa (has 2 facets for cruciate ligamnets)

patellar surface
Term
What is the patellar ligament?
Definition
attaches patella (at apex inferiorly) to the tibia
Term
What is the base of the patella for?
Definition
attachment of quadriceps femoris
Term
What does the posterior surface of the patella articulate with?
Definition
femur
Term
What id PVD? (peripheral vascular disease)
Definition
stenosis/ occlusions in lower aorta, iliac, femoral, tibial and fibular vessels

-if arterial, can have chronic leg ischemia
-can have cramps with walking (occlusion in aorta)
-can have pain in calf muscles (narrowed femoral artery)
Term
What 2 structures can be found in the synovial membrane of the knee?
Definition
-infrapatellar fat pad
-bursa
Term
Where are tibial and fibular collateral ligaments located?
Definition
Tibiial- medial to knee joints from femur epicondyle to tibial condyle

Fibular- lateral to knee joint from femur epicondyle to fibular head.
Term
What do the cruciate ligaments do?
Definition
anterior (ACL)- prevents anterior displacement

posterior (PCL)- prevents posterior displacement
Term
What is the vascular supply of the knee?
Definition
-descending genicular branches of femoral, popliteal, lateral circumflex femoral arteries and circumflex fibular arteries
Term
What is the knee innervated by?
Definition
obturator, femoral, tibial and common fibular nerves.
Term
Is the tibiofibular joint synovial?
Definition
yes- but provides little movement
Term
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Definition
tibial and common fibular nerves

popliteal artery and vein
Term
What does the anterior compartment of the leg do?
Definition
-dorsiflex
-extend toes
-inversion
Term
What does the posterior compartment of the leg do?
Definition
-plantar flex
-flex toes
-inversion (lateral compartment evert the foot)
Term
What is the best way to find the dorsalis pedis pulse?
Definition
-extend big toe
-find dip there (where pulse can be found)
Term
What is the superior surface of the foot called? inferior?
Definition
dorsal
plantar
Term
What is the ankle bone that sits on articulates with the tibia and fibula?
Definition
talus
Term
What does the navicular bone have a prominent rounded tuberosity for?
Definition
tibialis posterior
Term
What does the cuboid articulate with?
Definition
4th and 5th metatarsals
Does not articulate with the talus directly.
Term
What are some normal quirks of the metatarsals and phalanges?
Definition
-2nd metatarsal is longest
-1st metatarsal only has 2 phalanges
30% of time, middle and distal phalanges are fused
-should have equal space bw metatarsals and should be straight
Term
What does tiny amounts of joint space bw MTP joint mean?
Definition
severely osteoperotic
Term
Which side of the ankle joint is more stable?
Definition
medial
Term
What usually breaks during a lateral break?
Definition
calcaneiofibular
Term
What can check if pt has lateral ankle pain?
Definition
subtalar area
-could be arthritic
-or have fluid in it
Term
What movements are the midtarsal joint primarily involved with?
Definition
pronation (lateral roll, eversion)
supination (inversion)
Term
What is a flat foot deformity? is this a problem?
Definition
-collapse of midtarsal area
-basically talus is plantar flexed

-not a problem
Term
What is a bunion, and where does it typically occur?
what are the symptoms? causes?
Definition
-hypertrophy or protuberace of the bone
-medial aspect of first metatarsophalangeal
-crowd free range of motion of other toes
-high heels, genetics, osteoperosis
Term
What is known as the "spring ligament", what does it do?
Definition
-long plantar ligament
-keeps arch from falling down
Term
What is dorsalis pedis a continuation of? where is it located
Definition
-tibial artery
-bw underlying tarsal bones and tendons of flexor halluciss longus and flexor digitorum longus
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