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Anatomy Practical
Digestive & Reproductive
24
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/19/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Duodenum
Definition

begins at the pyloric valve, arcs around the head of the pancreas & passes to the left, and ends at a sharp bend

 

first 25 cm of the small intenstine

Term
Duodenojejunal flexure
Definition

a sharp bend in the small intestine that ends the duodenum

 

 

Term
Jejunum
Definition

first 40% of the small intestine beyond the duodenum

 

early anatomists found it be empty

 

begins in upper left quadrant of the abdomen but lies mostly within the umbilical region

 

rich blood supply

 

most digestion & nutrient absorption occurs here

Term
Ileum
Definition

the last 60% of the postduodenal small intestine

 

mainly hypogastric region & part of pelvic cavity

 

thinner, less muscular, less vascular than jejunum

 

 

Term
Capillaries of Villus
Definition

a capillary network

 

absorb most nutrients

Term

Intestinal Crypts

(crypts of Lieberkuhn)

Definition

numerous pores that open into tubular glands on the floor of the small intestine

 

in upper half they consist of enterocytes & goblet cells

in lower half they consist of stem cells

 

 

Term

Ileocecal

Junction

Definition

the end of the small intestine

 

where the ileum joins the ceum of the large intestine

Term

Ileocecal

Valve

Definition
a spinchter which protrudes into the cecum and regulates the passage of food residue into the large intestine
Term
Circular Folds
Definition

largest folds of the intestinal wall

 

transverse to spiral ridges up to 10 mm high

 

not visible on external surface

 

cause the chyme to flow on a spiral path along the intestine

 

slows its progress, causes more contact with the muscosa & promotes more thorough mixing & nutrient absorption

Term
Villi
Definition

projections in the mucosa with tongue to fingerlike shapes

 

largest in the duodenum & become progressively smaller in more distal regions of small intestine

Term
Lacteals
Definition

a lymphatic capillary in the areolar tissue of the villus

 

absorbs most of the nutrients

 

give contents a milky appearance

Term
Mesocolon
Definition
anchors the transverse and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall
Term
Cecum
Definition

a blind pouch in the lower right abdominal quadrant inferior to the ileocecal valve

 

beginning of the large intestine

Term
Appendix
Definition

a blind tube 2 to 7 cm long attached to the lower end of the cecum

 

densely populated with lymphocytes

 

significant source of immune cells

Term
Ascending Colon
Definition
begins at the ileocecal valve & passes up the right side of the abdominal cavity
Term

Hepatic (right colic)

Flexure

Definition
a 90 turn near the right lobe of the liver that converts into the transverse colon
Term
Transverse Colon
Definition
passes horizontally across the upper abdominal cavity & turns 90 downward at the left colic (splenic) flexre
Term
Sigmoid Colon
Definition

"s-shaped" portion of the colon

 

examined with a sigmoidoscope

Term
Rectum
Definition

continuation of the large intestine

 

15 cm long

 

not quite straight but has 3 lateral curves as well as an anteroposterior curve

 

has 3 infoldings which enable it to retain feces while passing gas

Term
Anal Canal
Definition

final 3cm of the large intestine

 

passes through the levator ani muscle of the pelvic floor & terminates at the anus

Term

Internal & External

Anal Sphincters

Definition

sphincters that regulate the anus

 

composed of smooth muscle of the muscularis externa and skeletal muscle of th pelvic diaphgram

Term
Anal Columns
Definition
longitudinal ridges formed by the mucosa that have depressions in them called anal sinuses
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