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Anatomy Posterior Triangle of the Neck
KYCOM Block 3
90
Anatomy
Graduate
10/12/2012

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Term
what is the skin of the back of the scalp and neck innervated by
Definition
dorsal armi of C2-C5
Term
what cervical nerves normally have no cutanous branches
Definition
dorsal rami of C1 and C6-C8
Term
what innervates the skin of the anterior and lateral aspecs of the neck
Definition
ventral rami of C2-C4 by the cutanous branches of the cervical plexus
Term
where doe the nerves that innervate the skin of the anterior and lateral aspecs of the neck emmerge from
Definition
under posterior border of the sternocleidomadtoid muscle
Term
what are the divisions of the cutanous branches of the cervical plexus
Definition
lesser occipital nerve (C2 or C2 and C3) and greater auricular nerve (C2, C3)
Term
what does the lesser occipital nerve supply
Definition
skin over lateral part of occipital region and upper part of medial surface of the auricle
Term
what does the lesser occipital nerve follow
Definition
posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
Term
where is the greater auricular nerve located in relation to the muscles and vessels by it
Definition
superificial to sternocleidomastoid and parallel to external jugular vein
Term
what does the great auricular nerve supply
Definition
skin over angle of mandible and parotid gland and both surfaces of lower part of the auricle
Term
what spinal nerves is the transverse cervical nerve made of
Definition
C2 and C3
Term
what does the transverse cervical nerve supply
Definition
skin anterior and lateral aspects of the neck
Term
where is the transverse cervical nerve in relation to the sternonucleidomastoid
Definition
superificial and anterior
Term
what spinal nerves make up the aupraclavicular nerves
Definition
C3 and C4
Term
what are the divisions of the supraclavicular nerves
Definition
medial, intermediate, lateral
Term
in general, where are the supraclavicular nerves located
Definition
descend across side of lower neck
Term
what do the supraclavicular nerves supply
Definition
skin at base of neck and skin that covers upper parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
Term
what is the platysma embedded in
Definition
superificial fascia of the neck
Term
what is the origin of the platysma
Definition
deep fascia that covers upper parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
Term
what is the inesrtion of the platysma
Definition
fibers pass superificial to clavicle and run superior and medial over side of neck, some insert into lower border of body of mandible, others enter face and blend with muscles of lower lip and angle of mouth
Term
what nerves supplies the platysma
Definition
cervical branch of facial nerve
Term
what are the actions of the platysma
Definition
tense skin of neck, assists in depressing mandible, draws down lower lip and angle of mouth
Term
what joins to make the external juggular vein, where
Definition
posterior to the mandible, the posterior auricular vein and posterior branch of retromandibular
Term
what does the posterior auricular vein drain
Definition
scalp posterior and superior to auricle
Term
what forms the retromandibular vein, where at
Definition
formed within parotig gland by union of superificial tamporal and maxillary veins
Term
what does the retromandibular vein divide into
Definition
anterior and posterior branches
Term
what does the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein join
Definition
facial vein
Term
what does the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein join, what does this form
Definition
posterior auricular vein forming the external juggular
Term
describe the path of the external juggular vein in relation to the other vessels and muscles around it
Definition
decends obliquly superificial to sternocleidomastoid to the mid clavicle, pierces investing layer of deep cervical fascia, drains into the subclavian vein
Term
what are the tributaries of the external juggular vein
Definition
transverse cervical, suprascapular, anterior juggular
Term
where does the anterior juggular vein bein, by what joining
Definition
submental region when several small veins join
Term
describe the location of the anterior juggular bein
Definition
close to anterior midline just superior to jugular (suprasternal) notch of sternum to sternocleidomastoid, drains into external juggular
Term
what is the juggular venous arch
Definition
vein that is usually present joining right and left anterior juggular veins across the midline of the body
Term
what is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid
Definition
anterior surface of the manubrium of sternum (sternal head) and superior surface of medial third of the clavicle (clavicular head0
Term
what is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid
Definition
two heads of origin join and insert into the mastoid process and lateral part of superiornuchal line
Term
what innervates the sternocleidomastoid
Definition
accessory nerve (motor) and branches from ventral rami of C2-C3 and spinal nerves
Term
what divides the anterolateral part of the neck into anterior and posterior triangles
Definition
sternocleidomastoid
Term
what is the action of the sternocleidomastoid
Definition
unilateral contraction and bilateral contraction
Term
what does the sternocleidomastoid do in unilateral contraction
Definition
lateral flexion of the head and neck to the same side of contracting muscle, rotation of the head and neck to opposite side of the contracting muscle
Term
what does the sternocleidomastoid do in bilateral contraction
Definition
draw head forward, flexion of head and nack against resistance (rising from the supine position), if head is fixed it acts as accessory muscle of inspiration
Term
what is the function of the deep cervical fascia
Definition
support muscles, vessels, and viscera of neck
Term
what are the layers of the deep cervical fascia
Definition
investing layer, pertracheal layer, prevertebral layer, carotid sheath, retropharyngeal space
Term
where is the investing layer of the cervical fascia, what does it contain
Definition
encircles the neck splitting to enclose sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Term
what forms the roof of the anterior and posterior triangles
Definition
investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
Term
where is the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia located
Definition
anterior part of neck
Term
what are the parts of the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia
Definition
muscular and visceral
Term
what does the visceral part of the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia contain
Definition
thyroid, trachea, esophagus, larynx, pharynx
Term
what does the muscular part of the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia contain
Definition
infrahyoid muscles
Term
what is the buccopharyngeal fascia
Definition
pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia that is located behind the esophagus
Term
where is the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia located
Definition
posterior part of neck
Term
what does the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia surround
Definition
cervical vertebra, anterior and posterior vertrbral muscles
Term
what is the carotid sheath
Definition
part of the deep cervical fascia that forms a fascial tube extending from base of skull to root of neck
Term
what does the carotid sheath contain
Definition
carotid arteries, internal juggular vein, vagus nerve
Term
where is the retropharyngeal space located
Definition
between buccopharyngeal fascia (anterior) and prevertebral fascia (posterior)
Term
what is the retropharyngeal space filled with
Definition
loose connective tissue
Term
what closes the retropharyngeal space, on what side
Definition
carotid sheath closes it laterally
Term
what is the span of the retropharyngral space
Definition
base of skull to mediastinum
Term
what is the function of the retropharyngeal space, what accomodates this
Definition
the loose connective tissue allows movements of pharynx and esophagus during swalloqing
Term
what is the medical concern about the retropharyngeal space
Definition
infection that is in it could spread all the way down to the mediastinum
Term
what is the anterior boundry of the posterior triangle of the neck
Definition
posterior border of the strenocleidomastoid
Term
what is the posterior boundry of the posterior triangle of the neck
Definition
anterior border of the trapezius
Term
what is the inferior boundry of the posterior triangle of the neck
Definition
middle third of the clavicle
Term
what is covers the posterior triangle of the neck
Definition
skin, superificial fascia, platysma, investing layer of deep cervical fascia
Term
what forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck
Definition
splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenus posterior, and scalenus medius all covered by deep cervical fascia, a bit of the scalenus anterior
Term
what are the divisions of the posterior trinalge of the neck
Definition
occipital triangle and supraclavicular triangle
Term
what divides the posterior triangle into this two divisions
Definition
inferior belly of omohyoid
Term
what is another name for the supraclavicular triangle
Definition
omoclavicular or subclavian
Term
what is the origin of the scalenus anterior
Definition
transverse process of c3-C6
Term
what is the insertion of the scalenus anterior
Definition
superior surface of 1st rib and scalene tubercle
Term
where is the scalene tubrecle located
Definition
bony prominence on medial border of 1st rib
Term
what is anterior to the scalenus anterior
Definition
subclavian vein, phranic nerve, superificial cervical and suprascapular srteries, terminal part of the thoracic duct (on the left)
Term
what are the cervical and suprascapular arteries branches of
Definition
thyrocervical trunk
Term
what is posterior to the scalenus anterior, what are they bound by
Definition
brachial plexus, subclavian artery bound by scalenus anterior, sclanrus medius and 1st rib
Term
what is the largest and longest scalenus muscle
Definition
scalenus medius
Term
what is the origin of the scalenus medius
Definition
transverse process of C2-C7
Term
what is the insertion of the scalenus medius
Definition
superior surface of 1st rib, between costal tubercle and groove for subclavian artery
Term
what is the smallest scalene muscle
Definition
sclaneus posterior
Term
what is the origin of scalenus posterior
Definition
transverse process of C4-C6
Term
what is the insertion of scalenus posterior
Definition
outer surface of rib 2
Term
what innervates the scalene muscles
Definition
direct muscular branches from the ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves
Term
what are the actionsof the scalene muscles
Definition
lateral flexion of neck, accessory muscles of inspiration (elevate rib 1 and 2 in forced inspiration)
Term
how is the omohyoid divided, by what
Definition
into inferior and superior bellies connected by intermediate tendon
Term
what is the origin and insertion of the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Definition
superior border of scapula medial to the suprascapular notch to the intermediate tendon
Term
what is the origin and insertion of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Definition
begins at intermediate tendon to the body of hyoid
Term
what makes the omohyoid an angular shape
Definition
loop of deep cervical fascia that surrounds intermediate tendon and attaches inferior to the clavicle and rib 1
Term
what innervates the omohyoid
Definition
ansa cervicalis
Term
what is the action of the omohyoid
Definition
depress hyoid bone
Term
what are the arteries in the posterior triangle
Definition
subclavian, superificial cervical, suprascapular, dorsal scapular, occipital
Term
what are the brins in the posterior triangle
Definition
external juggular and its tributaries, subclavian sometimes
Term
what are the nerves in the posterior triangle
Definition
brachial plexus and branches of it, accessory nerve, branches of the cervical plexus
Term
what lymph nodes are in the posterior triangle, what are they next to
Definition
some cervical nodes long accessory nerve and superificial cervical vessels
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