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Anatomy & Physiology II OGEECHEE TECH
anatomy and physiology II OGEECHEE TECH
60
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/24/2017
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Term
what is the correct order of the flow of blood entering the heart from the venae cavea?
 Definition
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle.
Term
which ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs?
 Definition
the right ventricle.
Term
the mitral valvue controls the flow between the:
 Definition
left atrium and ventricle
Term
how many cardiac cycles occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next?
 Definition
1
Term
the time period when the heart is contracting is?
 Definition
systole
Term
the stimulation of the heartbeat begins in the _____, which is why this structure is called the pacemaker of the heart.
 Definition
SA node
Term
the SA node is located where?
 Definition
in the right atrium
Term
when the heart contracts, this is due to an electrical change called _____.
 Definition
depolarization
Term
what does an ECG measure?
 Definition
electrical impulses
Term
what is the function of the four heart valves?
 Definition
they allow the blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.
Term
how are the sounds of a heartbeat in a healthy heart created?
 Definition
by heart valves closing
Term
which valvues are located between the exits of the ventricles and the two large arteries?
 Definition
semilunar valves
Term
The first heart sound, "lubb", is associated with the closing of which valves?
 Definition
the AV valves
Term
what is happening in the heart during the second heart sound ("dupp")?
 Definition
the semilunar valves are closing
Term
at which point on an ECG is the first heart sound, "lubb", heard?
 Definition
during the QRS complex
Term
at which point on an ECG is the second heart sound, "dupp", heard?
 Definition
the end of the T wave
Term
the semilunar valves are closing during ventricular ____.
 Definition
relaxation (diastole)
Term
the AV valves are closing during ventricular _____.
 Definition
contraction (systole)
Term
a turbulent noise, created by the backflow of blood as a heart valve closes, is called a heart ____.
 Definition
murmur
Term
atria completely fill with blood during which period?
 Definition
from the end of the second heart sound to the beginning of the first heart sound.
Term
the ventricles relax during:
 Definition
the second heart sound
Term
which heart sound is shorter and crisper?
 Definition
the second heart sound
Term
blood leaves the ventricles during which period?
 Definition
from the end of the first heart sound to the beginning of the second heart sound.
Term
true or false: the ventricles contract during the first heart sound.
 Definition
true
Term
the ____ line is a straight line used as a point of departure for the electrical activity recorded in an ECG.
 Definition
base
Term
an interval of an ECG is:
 Definition
one or more waves and a straight line
Term
a segment of an ECG is:
 Definition
a straight line between two waves
Term
in an ECG, the ___ wave is associated with atrial depolarization.
 Definition
P
Term
the P-Q (or P-R) interval is the time it takes for:
 Definition
the electrical impulse to spread through the atria
Term
which ECG component reflects depolarization of the ventricles?
 Definition
QRS complex
Term
the S-T segment of an ECG is the time for:
 Definition
ventricles to contract
Term
the time from the beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization corresponds to which ECG component?
 Definition
Q-T interval
Term
in a ECG, the ___ wave is associated with ventricular repolarization.
 Definition
T
Term
the ____ ____ can be determined by counting the number of QRS complexes on the ECG during one minute.
 Definition
heart rate
Term
which ECG component corresponds to the depolarization of the atria?
 Definition
P wave
Term
the P-Q interval of an ECG corresponds to the time for a cardiac impulse to travel from:
 Definition
the SA node through the AV node
Term
which factors are important when trying to obtain an accurate ECG recording?
 Definition
the electrodes should be in their correct positions; the electrodes should adhere properly to the skin
Term
true or false: using an ECG, it is possible to determine changes in heart rate and cardiac rhythm.
 Definition
true
Term
if the electrodes do not stick properly to the skin, the ECG recording will:
 Definition
not be precise
Term
which of the following correctly describes the electrode placements in the Einthioven's triangle arrangement?
 Definition
one on each wrist and one on the left ankle
Term
true or false: if the measured values of the ECG components are different from their normal values, this can be a sign of heart disease.
 Definition
true
Term
to determine the heart rate, the ____ interval on the ECG is measured in seconds, then 60 is divided by this value. this gives you the heart rate in beats per minute.
 Definition
R-R
Term
in normal health, how is the Q-T interval affected when the heart rate increases?
 Definition
the Q-T interval decreases
Term
what would you expect of the cardiac cycle when a person goes from sitting to standing?
 Definition
the heart rate increases
Term
when the heart rate increases, what changes will be seen on the ECG?
 Definition
the R-R interval decreases
Term
in which situation would you expect the Q-T interval to decrease the most?
 Definition
when you change from resting to exercising
Term
when you go from sitting to standing, the heart rate only increases modestly. how does the QT interval respond?
 Definition
the QT interval decreases
Term
what is happening in the heart from the end of one T wave to the beginning of the next R wave?
 Definition
the ventricles are relaxing and filling with blood.
Term
the pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the _____, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.
 Definition
apex
Term
the two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the _____, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the _____.
 Definition
atria; ventricles
Term
blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the  _____.
 Definition
aorta
Term
the walls of the _____ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.
 Definition
left ventricle
Term
when ventricles ____, the AV valves are closed.
 Definition
contract
Term
the sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ____.
 Definition
pacemaker
Term
the average heart beats about _____ times per minute.
 Definition
75
Term
the vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the _____.
 Definition
heart rate to decrease
Term
tunica ____, the middle layer of a typical blood vessel, contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
 Definition
media
Term
capillary beds are drained by vessels known as ____.
 Definition
venules
Term
the organs served by the renal arteries and veins are the ____.
 Definition
kidneys
Term
veins draining the head and arms empty into the _______ which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.
 Definition
superior vena cava
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