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Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions 2nd Edition
Chapter 4
35
Anatomy
Professional
11/24/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
bacteria
Definition
asexually reproducing cell capable of creating an infection
Term

benign

 

(bee NINE)

Definition
nonmalignant
Term

capsid

 

(CAP sid)

Definition
the protein covering around a virus particle
Term

centrioles

 

(SEN tree olz)

Definition
an organelle that precedes mitosis
Term

centrosomes

 

(SEN troh soamz)

Definition
region of cytoplasm usually near the nucleus that contains one or two centrioles
Term

chromatin

 

(CROW ma tin)

Definition
genetic material found in the nucleus of the cell
Term

cilia

 

(SILL ee ah)

Definition

small hairs that flow in waves to move foreign particles away from the lungs toward the nose and the throat where they can be expelled

also found inside the fallopian tubes to propel an ovum toward the uterus

Term
cytokinesis
Definition
the seperation of the cell's cytoplasm into two parts following the division of the cell's nucleus
Term

cytoplasm

 

(SIGH toh plazm)

Definition

gel-like intracellular substance

 

organelles are imbedded in it

Term

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

 

(dee AWK see RYE bow new KLEE ick)

Definition

sequenced pairs of nucleotides that form a double helix

a segment of DNA makes up a gene

 

Term

endocytosis

 

(en doe sigh TOE sis)

Definition

ingestion of substances by a cell

 

substances are taking into the cells after being surrounded by vesicles

Term

endoplasmic reticulum

 

(EN doh PLAZ mic ri TIH cue lum)

Definition

organelle that consist of a network of channels that transport materials within the cell

also the site of protein, fat, and glycogen synthesis

Term

eukaryotic cell

 

(you CARE ee AH tic)

Definition

a cell type that makes up the human body 

the cell includes a nucleus (usually with several chromosomes) and cellular organelles

Term

exocytosis

 

(EX oh sigh TOH sis)

Definition

secretion

the expulsion of material from a cell using vesicles

Term

flagella

 

(flah JELL ah)

Definition
hairlike processes on bacteria or protozoon that cause movement
Term

fungi

 

(FUN jie)

Definition
a plantlike organism that include mold and yeasts
Term

golgi apparatus

 

(GOAL jee app ah RA tus)

Definition
organelle of the cell that packages cellular material for transport
Term

lysosomes

 

(LIE soh soamz)

Definition

organelle that consists of a small sac with digestive enzymes in it

they destroy pathogens that invade the cell

Term

malignant

 

(meh LIG nant)

Definition
cancerous able to spread to distant parts of the body
Term

metastasis

 

(meh TASS tuh sis)

Definition
process by which cancerous cells break off from a tumor and move through the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels to other sites in the body
Term

mitochondria

 

(MITE oh KAHN dree ah)

Definition
the energy organelle of the cell
Term
mitosis
Definition
the process of cells sorting the chromosomes so that each new cell gets all the correct numbers of copies of genetic material
Term

mycelia

 

(my SEE lee ah)

Definition
a mass of fibers from fungi/molds
Term

organelles

 

(OR gan elz)

Definition

small structures in the cytoplasm that have various specialized functions

organelles include mitochondria, ribosomes, the endoplasmic riticulum, the golgi apparatus, the lysosomes

Term

osmosis

 

(ahz MOE sis)

Definition
the passage of the solvent through a semipermeable membrane to equalize concentrations
Term

phagocytosis

 

(FAG oh sigh TOH sis)

Definition
the process by which a phagocyte destroys a foreign cell or cellular debris; a tpe of endocytosis
Term

pinocytosis

 

(PIE no sigh TOH sis)

Definition
a process in which a cell absorbs fluid material
Term

protozoa

 

(pro toe Zoe ah)

Definition
unicellular organisms
Term

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

 

(RIE bow new KLEE ic)

Definition
molecule contained in ribosomes and necessary for making proteins
Term

ribosomes

 

(REI boh soamz)

Definition

granular organelle located throughout the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes contain RNA and proteins and are the site of protein synthesis

Term

vesicle

 

(VESS ih kuhl)

Definition
a small bladder or blister; a membrane-bound storage sac inside a cell
Term
virus
Definition
a parasitic microorganism that depends on other cells for its metabolic and reproductive needs
Term
isotonic
Definition
same concentration of solutes as blood equal tension
Term
hypertonic
Definition

greater

 concentration of solute in a solution

Term
hypotonic
Definition
lesser concentration of solute in a solution
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