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Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions 2nd Edition
Chapter 3
31
Anatomy
Professional
11/19/2012

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Term

adenosine diphosphate

 

(ADP)

Definition

the compound theat can be converted to ATP for energy storage.

when ATP is broken down to ADP energy is released that can be used for cellular reactions

Term

adenosine triphosphate

 

(ATP)

Definition
energy storage molecule used to power muscle contraction and other cellular reactions
Term

anabolism

 

(ah NAH bow lizm)

Definition

assembly of new molecules in the body.

the process by which simpler compounds are built up and used to manufacture materials for growth repair and reproduction

Term
atom
Definition
the smallest part of an element consisting of a nucleus (protons and neutrons) and surrounding electrons
Term

catabolism

 

(ka TAH bow lizm)

Definition

breaking down of molecules in the body

complex into simpler substances

Term
carbohydrates
Definition

a group of organic chemicals that include sugars, starches, and glycogen and is a necessary nutrient for the body

basic source of energy

Term
cellular respiration
Definition

the process by which oxygen is utilized to break down glucose and other nutrients for the energy needed for cellular activity

occurs at the cellular level

Term
covalent bond
Definition
an atomic bond in which valence electrons are shared
Term

disaccharide

 

(die SACK eh ride)

Definition
a carbohydrate that is composed of two monosaccharides
Term
element
Definition
the smallest complete particle of a substance that cannot be seperated by ordinary means
Term
electrons
Definition
a negatively charged particle that revolves around the nucleus of an atom
Term
electrolyte
Definition
chemical element that carries a positive or negative charge and conducts electricity when dissolved in a solution
Term
enzyme
Definition

molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in cells.

they are particularly important in the breakdown and synthesis of biological molecules

Term

glycerol

 

(GLIS er oll)

Definition
another term for glycerin which is found in fats
Term

glycogen

 

(GLIE co jin)

Definition
the form that glucose takes when it is stored in the liver and skeletal muscles 
Term
hydrophilic
Definition
water loving or a substance that readily mixes with water
Term
hydrophobic
Definition
water fearing or a substance that does not readily mix with water
Term
ionic bond
Definition
the bond that holds compounds together by the strong electrical attractions between the opposite charges of the ions involved
Term
lipids
Definition
fats
Term
molecule
Definition
an electrically neutral combination of atoms (the same type or different types) held strongly together enough to be considered a unit
Term

monosaccharide

 

(mon oh SACK eh ride)

Definition
a simple sugar such as glucose
Term

neutron

 

 

Definition
a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom that has no electric charge
Term
Nucleic acids
Definition
chemicals (such as DNA or RNA) that carry genetic information
Term

organelles

 

(OR gan elz)

Definition
small structures in the cytoplasm that have various specialized functions
Term

phospholipid

 

(FOS foh LIP id)

Definition
the primary substance in the lipid portion of a cell membrane
Term
proteins
Definition
a class of compounds that are synthesized by all living organisms and are used for growth and repair of tissue
Term
protons
Definition
a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
Term
polar covalent bond
Definition
a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared unequally
Term
solute
Definition
the substance dissolved in water or a solution
Term
solution
Definition
the liquid containing a dissolved substance
Term
solvent
Definition
a liquid that reacts with a solute bringing it into solution, dissolving
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