Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy/Physiology
Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Human Body
79
Anatomy
11th Grade
07/25/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
this cavity's viscera includes the stomach, spleen. pancreas, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
divided into a superior abdominal and an inferior pelvic cavity
Term
anatomical position
Definition
position in which the body is erect, the head is level, the eyes face forward, the upper limbs are at the sides, palms face forward, and feet are flat
Term
anatomy
Definition
the study of body structure
Term
anterior
Definition
at the front of the body
Term
atoms
Definition
the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions
Term
cardiovascular system
Definition
an organ system consisting of the heart and blood vessels, serving for the transport of blood
Term
cells
Definition
the smallest subdivision of a tissue considered to be alive; consists of a plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm and, in most cases, a nucleus
Term
cephalic
Definition
pertaining to the head
Term
cervical
Definition
pertaining to the neck
Term
contralateral
Definition
on the opposite side
Term
control center
Definition
sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from the receptors, and generates output commands when they are needed
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
formed by the cranial bones and contains the brain
Term
deep
Definition
away from the surface of the body or an organ
Term
diaphragm
Definition
divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Term
differentiation
Definition
the change in a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state
Term
digestive system
Definition
Term
distal
Definition
father from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
Term
dorsal
Definition
pertaining to the posterior or back side of the body; opposite of ventral
Term
dorsal body cavity
Definition
is located near the dorsal surface of the body and has two subdivisions, the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity
Term
effector
Definition
a body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition
Term
endocrine system
Definition
an organ system that regulates homeostasis by secreting hormones
Term
extracellular fluid (ECF)
Definition
any body fluid that is not contained in the cells; for example, blood lymph, and tissue fluid
Term
feedback system
Definition
a cycle of events in which information about the status of a condition is continually monitored and fed back (reported) to a central control region
Term
frontal plane
Definition
plane at a right angle to a midsagittal plane that divides organs into anterior/posterior regions
Term
growth
Definition
an increase in size and complexity, due to an increase in the number of cells, size of cells, or both
Term
homeostasis
Definition
the tendency of a living body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in spite of greater changes in its external environment
Term
inferior
Definition
away from the head; toward the lower part of a structure
Term
integumentary system
Definition
an organ system consisting of the skin, cutaneous glands, hair, and nails
Term
intermediate
Definition
between two structures - medial and lateral
Term
interstitial fluid
Definition
fluid in the interstitial spaces of a tissue, also called "tissue fluid"
Term
intracellular fluid (ICF)
Definition
the fluid contained in the cells; one of the major fluid compartments
Term
ipsilateral
Definition
on the same side
Term
lateral
Definition
farther from the midline of the body or a structure
Term
lymphatic/immune system
Definition
an organ system consisting of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, the tonsils, spleen, and thymus; functions include tissue fluid recovery and immunity
Term
medial
Definition
nearer the midline of the body or a structure
Term
mediastinum
Definition
a broad, median partition between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column; it contains all contents of the thoracic cavity except the lungs
Term
meninges
Definition
three layers of protective tissue that line the dorsal body cavity
Term
metabolism
Definition
the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body, including catabolism and anabolism
Term
midsagittal/median plane
Definition
a vertical plane through the midline of the body that divides the body or organs into equal right and left sides
Term
molecules
Definition
two or more atoms joined together
Term
movement
Definition
motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, or even organelles inside cells
Term
muscular system
Definition
an organ system composed of the skeletal muscles, specialized mainly for maintaining postural support and producing movements of bones
Term
negative feedback system
Definition
if a response reverses the original stimulus, the system is a ________ ________ ______
Term
nervous system
Definition
an organ system composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia, specialized for rapid communication of information
Term
oblique plane
Definition
a plane that divides the region at an angle
Term
organ systems
Definition
a group of organs working together that have a common function. (integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive)
Term
organism
Definition
a collection of structurally and functionally integrated systems; any living individual
Term
organs
Definition
any anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it
Term
parasagittal plane
Definition
a vertical plane that does not pass through the midline and that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
this cavity's viscera includes the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine and internal male and female reproductive structures
Term
pericardial cavity
Definition
the cavity that surrounds the heart
Term
pericardium
Definition
a serous membrane that lines the pericardial cavity
Term
peritoneum
Definition
a serous membrane that lines the abdominal region of the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
physiology
Definition
the study of body function
Term
plasma
Definition
the noncellular portion of the blood
Term
pleura
Definition
a double-walled serous membrane that encloses each lung
Term
pleural cavities
Definition
the cavities that enclose the lungs
Term
positive feedback system
Definition
if a response enhances the original stimulus, the system is a ________ ________ ______
Term
posterior
Definition
nearer to or at the back of the body
Term
prone
Definition
if the body is lying face down, it is in the _____ position
Term
proximal
Definition
nearer the attachment of a limb to the trunk
Term
receptor
Definition
monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals to a control center
Term
reproduction
Definition
Term
reproductive system
Definition
an organ system specialized for the production of offspring
Term
respiratory system
Definition
an organ system specialized for the intake of air and exchange of gases with thee blood, consisting of the lungs and the air passages from the nose to the bronchi
Term
responsiveness
Definition
the ability to detect and respond to changes in the external or internal environment
Term
skeletal system
Definition
an organ system consisting of the bones, ligaments, bone marrow, periosteum, articular cartilages, and other tissues associated with the bones
Term
stem cell
Definition
any undifferentiated cell that can divide and differentiate into more functionally specific cell types such as blood cells and germ cells
Term
superficial
Definition
located on or near the surface of the body or an organ
Term
superior
Definition
toward the head; upper part of a structure
Term
supine
Definition
if the body is lying face up, it is in the ______ position
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
contains two pleural cavities, and the mediastinum, which includes the pericardial cavity
Term
tissues
Definition
cells and extracellular materials working together to form an organ and performing some function for it; four classes are epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
Term
transverse plane
Definition
a plane that divides the body or organs into superior and inferior regions
Term
urinary system
Definition
an organ system specialized to filter the blood plasma, excrete waste products from it, and regulate the body's water, acid-base, and electrolyte balance
Term
ventral
Definition
pertaining to the anterior or front side of the body; opposite of dorsal
Term
ventral body cavity
Definition
is subdivided by the diaphragm into an upper thoracic cavity and a lower abdominopelvic cavity
Term
vertebral (spinal) canal
Definition
formed by the bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord
Supporting users have an ad free experience!