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Anatomy & Physiology
Hesi A2
85
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/21/2015

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Artey
Definition
  • Carries the blood AWAY from the heart
 
  • Muscular layer of tissue that helps pump the blood OUT of the bidy 
Term
Veins
Definition
  • Carries blood back to the heart
  • Have a much thinner muscular layer
Term
Capillaries
Definition
Microscopic vessels that carry blood between the arterial and venous vessels
Term
Blood is pumped from the heart to the body by the largest artery in the body, the __________?
Definition
aorta
Term
What is exchanged through the thin walls of the capillaries?
Definition
Gases, nutrients, and wastes
Term
What are the 3 main types of blood vessels in the body?
Definition

1. Arteries

2. Veins 

3. Capillaries 

Term
Ossification
Definition
The process in which bone is transformed into bone
Term
The skeleton forms by two major methods:
Definition
  1. Endochondral osssification
  2. Intramembranous ossification 
Term
Endochondral Ossification
Definition
Occurs within a cartiladge model
Term
Intramembranous ossificatin
Definition
ossification that occurs within a membrane
Term
Acromegaly
Definition
An endocrine disorder that causes an oversecretion of growth hormone in adulthood
Term
About how much blood flow does the brain use from the heart?
Definition
20%
Term
How long can brain cells survive without oxygen and glucose from the blood?
Definition
only 4 to 6 minutes
Term
About how much blood flow does the brain use from the heart?
Definition
20%
Term
The brain is covered by three layers of membranes called?
Definition
Meninges: the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
Term
Dura mater
Definition
outer layer
Term
Arachnoid
Definition
the middle layer and acts as a chanel for cerebrospinal fluid
Term
pia mater
Definition
innermost layer attacthed to the brain and spinal cord
Term
The diancephalon contains the _______ & _______.
Definition
hypothalamus & thalamus
Term
Function of hypothalamus
Definition

regulates and coordinates the activity of the autonomic nervous system

 

it also controls hormone secretion and apetite

Term
Function of thalamus
Definition
tansfers sensory impulses to the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex
Term
Function of cerebellum
Definition
directs coordination, muscle tone, and equilibrium
Term
what does the brain stem include?
Definition
midbrain, pons, and medulla
Term
Frontal Lobe
Definition
Personality, behavior, memory, reasoning, & emotion
Term
Broca's area
Definition
speech
Term
Sensory Cortex
Definition
Sensation of heat and pain
Term
Motor Cortex
Definition
Controls movement
Term
Angular gyrus
Definition
written language
Term
Wernicke's area
Definition
understanding written or spoken language
Term
Parietal lobe
Definition
underatanding speech or choosing words
Term
temporal lobe
Definition
memory of music and visual scenes
Term
occipital lobe
Definition
vision and its interpretation
Term
cerebellum
Definition
coordination of voluntary movement, balance
Term
Midbrain
Definition
visual and auditory refelx
Term
Pons
Definition
breathing, relaying impulses between cerebellum and medulla
Term
medulla
Definition
control of involuntary movements, heartbeat, blood pressure, and respiration, and swallowing
Term
where is compact bone mostly found?
Definition
the shaft of long bones
Term
the outer surface of a bone is known as its ______ or _________?
Definition
its cortex or cortical surface
Term
when a physician looks at a radiograph, he or she examines the __________ for any break in the margin that would indicate a fracture
Definition
cortical surface
Term
What is the largest organ of the body?
Definition
the skin
Term
What are the three layers of the skin?
Definition

epidermis

dermis

hypodermis

Term
Epidermis
Definition
outermost layerconsisting of mostly keratinocytes
Term
the nervous system consists of two interrelated parts:
Definition

central nervous system - brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system - peripheral nerves and autonomic ganglia 

Term
amylase
Definition
essential for the digestion of starch
Term
Lipase
Definition
essential for the digestion of lipids
Term
Peptidases
Definition
essential for the digestion of proteins
Term
The vastus lateralis is a voluntary muscle in the ______?
Definition
legs
Term
muscles produce contraction due to the sliding action of ___________?
Definition
filaments
Term
The medulla oblongota has what primary responsibility?
Definition
vital functions
Term
which of the following is true about simple refelxes?
Definition
they travel only through the spinal cord
Term
what is the primary role of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
Definition
it initiates the preparation of the endometrium for pregnancy
Term
what is the name of the structure that transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
Definition
ureters
Term
Humans can survive most easily without which of the following?
Definition
Gallbladder
Term
What are the functions of cortisol?
Definition

reducing inflamation

releasing histamine

raising the blood sugar level

Term
How many pairs of spinal nerves are known to exit the spinal cord?
Definition
31
Term
The spinal cord reaches from the base of the skull to the first or second lumbar vertebra. The base of the skull is also known as?
Definition
foramen magnum
Term
cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a substance that performs which of the following?
Definition
acts as a secondary messanger
Term
The neuron is composed of a/n ________, which transmits signals toward the cell body, and a/n _______, which transmits signals away from the cell body
Definition
demdrite          axon
Term
The pectoralis major muscle is located in which general area?
Definition
the chest
Term
The soleus muscle is located in which general area?
Definition
lower half of each leg
Term
What does the alimentary canal consist of?
Definition
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
Term
A woman’s body usually ovulates around what day in a normal 30-day cycle?
Definition
14
Term
Sperm, once created, are stored in an area of the male body called the ______.
Definition
epididymis
Term
Which of these is the best analogy describing the function of the kidneys?
Definition

A waste treatment

 

The kidney recycles minerals and resources still needed in the body while also excreting waste products

Term
What is the most widely distributed type of sweat gland?
Definition
Eccrine
Term
Michael is playing on the playground with Suzy and decides to climb the castle while Suzy stays on the ground. Michael’s position relative to Suzy is ________.
Definition
superior
Term
Moving the arm toward the body would be described as a _______ movement, rather than a ______ movement.
Definition
proximal, distal
Term
The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the end of your femur. What area is she describing?
Definition
Epiphysis which is on each end of long bones
Term
The axial skeleton consists of a toal of ____ bones of the skull
Definition
28
Term
A patient of yours is diagnosed with emphysema. In emphysema, the alveoli have trouble exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the blood. It would be true to say that this patient has difficulty with what type of respiration?
Definition
External
Term
Deflections of the EKG represent which of the following?
Definition
The electrical activity that precedes contraction and relaxation
Term
Follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone are what type of hormones?
Definition
Tropic
Term
What is the purpose of the mastication of food?
Definition
to increase its surface area
Term
What stimulates the interstitial cells of the testicles to produce testosterone?
Definition
LH (luteinizing hormone)
Term
Inhalation requires the contraction of what structure?
Definition
diaphragm
Term
A person with AB- blood should not receive blood from which other blood type?
Definition
AB+
Term
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
Definition
O-
Term
What is the only artery in the body to carry oxygen-poor blood?
Definition
Pulmonic artery
Term
Chocolate cysts of the ovaries are attributed to which of the following?
Definition
endometriosis
Term
synovial joints
Definition
  • most common joint in the body
  • most moveable joint type in the body
  • they have a fluid filled capsule that surrounds their articulating surface
Term
where are synovial joints NOT found?
Definition
in the intervertebral discs of the spinal column
Term
Ligaments connect which two structures?
Definition
bone to bone
Term
Tendons connect which two structures?
Definition
muscle to bone
Term
What is the longest muscle in the human body?
Definition
sartorius muscle, which is located in the anterior thigh
Term
Where is the hyoid bone located?
Definition
neck
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