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| the study of structure/form |
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| looking at the body's appearance; performing a physical examination or making a clinical diagnosis from surface appearance |
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| feeling a structure with the hands (ex.: palpating a swollen lymph node or taking a pulse) |
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| listening to the natural sounds made by the body (ex.: heart and lung sounds) |
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| tapping on the body and feeling for abnormal resistance or emitted sounds for signs of abnormalities (ex.: pockets of fluid or air) |
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| cutting and separating tissues of a dead human body to reveal their relationships |
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| study of more than one species in order to examine similarities and differences and analyze evolutionary trends |
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| opening the body and taking a look inside to see what was wrong and what could be done about it |
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| methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery |
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| branch of medicine concerned with imaging |
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| structure that can be seen with the naked eye - whether by surface observation, radiology, or dissection |
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| the study of the structure and function of individual cells |
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| histology (microscopic anatomy) |
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| examination of cells with a microscope |
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| fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron microscope |
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| the microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease |
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| physiology of the nervous system |
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| the study of how different species have solved problem of life with bodily function; the basis for the development of new drugs and medical procudures by using animal surgery and drug tests |
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| the hierarchy of complexity |
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| atom --> molecule --> macromolecule --> organelle --> cell --> tissue --> organ --> organ system --> organism |
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| the body's ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions around a set point |
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| a process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it to keep it close to its set point (ex.: blood temperature & blood pressure |
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| a structure that senses a change in the body |
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| integrating (control) center |
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| a mechanism that processes the change, relates it to other available information, and "makes a decision" about what the appropriate response should be |
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| the cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action |
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| a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction, rather than producing the corrective effects of negative feedback; normal way of producing rapid change; ex.: child birth, blood clotting, protein digestion, fever, and generation of nerve signals |
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| person stands erect; feet flat on floor; arms at sides; palms, face and eyes facing forward; eyes open |
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| palms face rearward or downward; radius and ulna are crossed |
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| palms face forward or upward; radius and ulna are parallel |
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| divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions; looking at the body in the front or back |
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| transverse (horizontal) plane |
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| divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions; looking at the body straight down or up |
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| divides the body into right and left portions; looking at the body from the sides |
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| toward the outer region of the body |
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| towards the inner region of the body |
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| forehead region of the face |
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| cheekbone region of the face |
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| right upper, right lower, left upper, left lower |
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| umbilical, epigastric, hypogastric, right/left hypochondriac, right/left lumbar, right/left inguinal (iliac) |
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| the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
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| the cranial and vertebral cavities |
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contains the heart and lungs
heart - enclosed in the pericardium which is lubricated by pericardial fluid
lungs - enclosed by the pleura which is lubricated by pleural fluid
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contains the abdominal and pelvic cavities
contains the peritoneum which is lubricated by peritoneal fluid |
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| the space between the lungs that contains the heart |
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contains the brain
lined by meninges which is lubricated by cerebral spinal fluid |
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contains the spinal cord
also lined with meninges and lubricated with cerebral spinal fluid |
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