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Urinary System
N/A
28
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2013

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Cards

Term
List two examples of nitrogenous wastes that are excreted by the kidneys.
Definition
Creatinine and Urea
Term
In the kidney, reabsorption refers to the movement of fluid and solutes from the:
Definition
tubular fluid to the blood
Term
The process by which water and some solutes in the blood plasma pass from the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space is called glomerular __________.
Definition
filtration
Term
List in order, from the blood side to the capsular space, the structures through which any filteres substance must pass in the glomerulus.
Definition

1. fenestrated endothelium

2.basement membrane

3. filtration slits

Term
Activation of the renin-angiotensin mechanism initiates changes that will result in a(n) _______ in blood pressure.
Definition
increase
Term
One renal pyramid and the overlying cortex form a renal ________.
Definition
lobe
Term
Describe tubular secretion.
Definition
Movement of chemicals from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid
Term
The blunt tips of the renal pyramids, which face the renal sinus, are called renal _______ .
Definition
papilla
Term
List two hormones that regulate the amount of water and salts that are reabsorbed by the distal convulted tubule and collecting duct.
Definition
Atrial natriuretic peptide and Aldosterone
Term
List the order of artteries carrying blood from the aorta into the renal cortex.
Definition

1. Renal artery

2. Arcuate artery

3. Cortical radiate artery

4. Afferent arteriole

Term
Identify the two forces which oppose blood pressure within the glomerulus.
Definition

1. Fluid pressure in the capsular space

2. Osmotic pressure of the blood

Term
Sodium facilitats reabsorption of other electrolytes and water by the proximal convulted tubules via:
Definition

1. creation of an electrical gradient

2. creation of osmotic gradient

Term
Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of _____ from the afrenal cortex.
Definition
aldosterone
Term
If the rate of glucoes filtration exceeds the rate of its reabsorption by the renal tubule, then the condition called _____ results.
Definition
glycosuria
Term
As the urethra passes through the pelvic floor, it is encircled by the ______ urethral sphincter.
Definition
external
Term
Fluid intake, diabetes, and some medications can increase urine output, a condition called diuresis or ______.
Definition
polyuria
Term
The portion of the nephron loop which participates in active transport of salts is the _____ segment.
Definition
thick
Term
The process of urination, or voiding urine is called _____.
Definition
micturation
Term
List the effects of the hormone aldosterone.
Definition

1. secretion of potassium

2. reabsorption of sodium

3. reduction of urine volume

Term
Identify the structures, in order, through which the fluid passes after it is filtered from the blood.
Definition

Glomerular capsule

Proximal convulted tubule

Descending loop of henle

Ascending loop of henle

Distal convulted tube

Collecting duct

Term
List the components of a renal corpuscle:
Definition
Bowman capsule and glomerulus
Term
Proximal convulted tubules reabsorb water maily via _____ .
Definition
osmosis
Term
List some effects of activation of the renin-sngiatensis system.
Definition

1. vasoconstriction

2. increased water retention

3. increased blood pressure

Term
The proximal convulted tubule reabsorbs about _____ of the tubular fluid.
Definition
65%
Term
High nitrogenous waste levels in the blood is called _____.
Definition
uremia
Term
Fluid from the distal convulted tubules of several nephrons flows into the _____ _____.
Definition
collecting duct
Term
The _____ capillaries reabsorb fluid and solutes filtered from the nephron loop.
Definition
peritubular
Term
Increased blood pressure stretches the afferent artery. Smooth muscles in the arterial wall respond and regulare blood flow and blood pressure. This is the basisĀ  for the _____ mechanism of renal autoregulation.
Definition
myogenic
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