Term
| List two examples of nitrogenous wastes that are excreted by the kidneys. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the kidney, reabsorption refers to the movement of fluid and solutes from the: |
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Definition
| tubular fluid to the blood |
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Term
| The process by which water and some solutes in the blood plasma pass from the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space is called glomerular __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| List in order, from the blood side to the capsular space, the structures through which any filteres substance must pass in the glomerulus. |
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Definition
1. fenestrated endothelium
2.basement membrane
3. filtration slits |
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Term
| Activation of the renin-angiotensin mechanism initiates changes that will result in a(n) _______ in blood pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| One renal pyramid and the overlying cortex form a renal ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe tubular secretion. |
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Definition
| Movement of chemicals from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid |
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Term
| The blunt tips of the renal pyramids, which face the renal sinus, are called renal _______ . |
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Definition
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Term
| List two hormones that regulate the amount of water and salts that are reabsorbed by the distal convulted tubule and collecting duct. |
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Definition
| Atrial natriuretic peptide and Aldosterone |
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Term
| List the order of artteries carrying blood from the aorta into the renal cortex. |
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Definition
1. Renal artery
2. Arcuate artery
3. Cortical radiate artery
4. Afferent arteriole |
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Term
| Identify the two forces which oppose blood pressure within the glomerulus. |
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Definition
1. Fluid pressure in the capsular space
2. Osmotic pressure of the blood |
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Term
| Sodium facilitats reabsorption of other electrolytes and water by the proximal convulted tubules via: |
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Definition
1. creation of an electrical gradient
2. creation of osmotic gradient |
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Term
| Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of _____ from the afrenal cortex. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the rate of glucoes filtration exceeds the rate of its reabsorption by the renal tubule, then the condition called _____ results. |
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Definition
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Term
| As the urethra passes through the pelvic floor, it is encircled by the ______ urethral sphincter. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fluid intake, diabetes, and some medications can increase urine output, a condition called diuresis or ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The portion of the nephron loop which participates in active transport of salts is the _____ segment. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of urination, or voiding urine is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| List the effects of the hormone aldosterone. |
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Definition
1. secretion of potassium
2. reabsorption of sodium
3. reduction of urine volume |
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Term
| Identify the structures, in order, through which the fluid passes after it is filtered from the blood. |
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Definition
Glomerular capsule
Proximal convulted tubule
Descending loop of henle
Ascending loop of henle
Distal convulted tube
Collecting duct |
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Term
| List the components of a renal corpuscle: |
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Definition
| Bowman capsule and glomerulus |
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Term
| Proximal convulted tubules reabsorb water maily via _____ . |
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Definition
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Term
| List some effects of activation of the renin-sngiatensis system. |
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Definition
1. vasoconstriction
2. increased water retention
3. increased blood pressure |
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Term
| The proximal convulted tubule reabsorbs about _____ of the tubular fluid. |
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Definition
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Term
| High nitrogenous waste levels in the blood is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fluid from the distal convulted tubules of several nephrons flows into the _____ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ capillaries reabsorb fluid and solutes filtered from the nephron loop. |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased blood pressure stretches the afferent artery. Smooth muscles in the arterial wall respond and regulare blood flow and blood pressure. This is the basis for the _____ mechanism of renal autoregulation. |
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Definition
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