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Anatomy & Physiology
chapters 1 & 2 (Rue Ed)
41
Anatomy
Not Applicable
05/03/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

 

atom

Definition

 

 

 

 

the smallest part of an element; indivisible by ordinary chemical means

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Anatomy

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

the science of the structure of living organisms

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Physiology

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

the science of the functioning of living organisms

Term

 

 

 

 

 

cell

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

the basic biological unit of living organisms, containing a nucleus and a variety of organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane

Term

 

 

 

 

 

molecule

Definition

 

 

 

 

particle consisting of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Term

 

 

 

 

 

tissues

Definition

 

 

 

 

a group of similar cells specialized to perform a specific function; primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues

Term

 

 

 

 

 

organ

Definition

 

 

 

 

a part of the body formed of two or more tissues that performs a specialized function

Term

 

 

 

 

 

organ system

Definition

 

 

 

 

a group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function; e.g., nervous system

Term

 

 

 

 

 

organism

Definition

 

 

 

 

an individual living thing

Term

 

 

 

 

 

homeostasis

Definition

 

 

 

 

a state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body

Term

 

 

 

 

 

effector

Definition

 

 

 

 

an organ, gland, or muscle capable of being activated by nerve endings

Term

 

 

 

 

 

negative feedback

Definition

 

 

 

 

a corrective mechanism that opposes or negates a variation from normal limits

Term

 

 

 

 

ventral

Definition

 

 

 

 

anterior or front

Term

 

 

 

 

 

posterior

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

toward the back; dorsal

Term

 

 

 

 

 

positive feedback

Definition

 

 

 

 

feedback that tends to cause a variable to change in the same direction as the initial change; enhances the stimulus

Term

 

 

 

 

 

inferior

Definition

 

 

 

 

below, in reference to a particular structure, with the body in the anatomical position

Term

 

 

 

 

 

distal

Definition

 

 

 

 

farthest from the point of attachment of a limb or origin of a structure

Term

 

 

 

 

 

cephalic

Definition

 

 

 

 

pertaining to the head

Term

 

 

 

 

 

metabolism

Definition

 

 

 

 

the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Term

 

 

 

 

 

receptor

Definition

 

 

 

 

some type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment

Term

 

 

 

 

 

element

Definition

 

 

 

 

any of the building blocks of matter; oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, for example

Term

 

 

 

 

 

compound

Definition

 

 

 

 

substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united

Term

 

 

 

 

 

ion

Definition

 

 

 

 

an atom with a positive or negative electric charge

Term

 

 

 

 

 

salt

Definition

 

 

 

 

ionic compound that dissociates into charges particles (other than hydrogen or hydroxyl ions) when dissolved in water

Term

 

 

 

 

 

catalyst

Definition

 

 

 

 

a substance that accelerates a specific chemical reaction but that is not altered by the reaction

Term

 

 

 

 

 

inorganic compound

Definition

 

 

 

 

a compound that lacks carbon; for example, water

Term

 

 

 

 

 

organic compound

Definition

 

 

 

 

a compound containing carbon; examples include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats

Term

 

 

 

 

 

solution

Definition

 

 

 

 

a homogenous mixture of two or more components

Term

 

 

 

 

 

proton

Definition

 

 

 

 

subatomic particle that bears a positive charge; located in the atomic nucleus

Term

 

 

 

 

 

polar molecules

Definition

 

 

 

 

nonsymmetrical molecules that contain electrically unbalanced atoms

Term

 

 

 

 

 

pH

Definition

 

 

 

 

the symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Term

 

 

 

 

 

neutron

Definition

 

 

 

 

a fundamental particle that does not carry a positive or a negative charge

Term

 

 

 

 

 

neutralization

Definition

 

 

 

 

(1) a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base; (2) blockage of the harmful effects of bacterial exotoxins or viruses by the binding of antibodies to their functional sites

Term

 

 

 

 

 

ionization

Definition

 

 

 

 

dissociation; the breakdown of a molecule in solution to form ions

Term

 

 

 

 

 

matter

Definition

 

 

 

 

anything that occupies space and has mass

Term

 

 

 

 

 

enzyme

Definition

 

 

 

 

a substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in bodily chemical reactions

Term

 

 

 

 

 

hydrogen bond

Definition

 

 

 

 

weak bond in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between two electron-hungry atoms; an important intramo-lecular bond

Term

 

 

 

 

 

base

Definition

 

 

 

 

a substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor; compare with acid

Term

 

 

 

 

 

acid

Definition

 

 

 

 

a substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution; compare with base

Term

 

 

 

 

 

electrolyte

Definition

 

 

 

 

a substance that breaks down into ions when in solution and is capable of conducting an electric current

Term

 

 

 

 

 

isotope

Definition

 

 

 

 

these vary in the number of neutrons they contain and they are different atomic form of the same element

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