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Stuff in universe(had mass and takes up space,is matter)
states of matter-solid, liquid, gas |
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the capacity to do work or to put matter into motion.
has no mass, takes up no space,only to be measured by effect on matter. |
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energy in action(motion)
object with mass and with volume has kinetic energy |
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| stored energy, inactive energy that has potential or capability to do work but its not presently doing so. |
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Definition
chemical-stored in bonds of chemical substances
electrical- results from the movement of charged particles
mechanical-directly involved in causing matter to move.
radiant(electomagnetic)-energy traveling in waves ex:visible light, ultrviolet light,and xrays |
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| unique substances that cannot be broken into simpler substances by orginary chemical methods |
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| Four elements that form bulk of body |
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Definition
| Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen 96% |
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building blocks
more or less identical particules for each element
smallest thing to break down |
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| average of the mass numbers of all isotopes |
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Definition
| equal to number of protons in its nucleus and is written as a subscript to the left of its atomic symbol. |
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| equal to the mass of the protons and neutrons |
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| one or two chemical shorthand for each element |
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| elements with same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons they contain. most stable isotopes is the one closest to the atomic weight. Each element isotopes only change in mass. |
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| those detected with our sense.(combined but are still same matter as before) |
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| pertain to the way atoms interact with one another.(combined and changes to different matter) |
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Definition
| calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iodine and iron |
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Term
| trace elements- less than 0.01% |
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Definition
| cant function without trace elements, but too much can be deadly. found in small amounts, are found as part of enzymes. ex.copper and arsenic |
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| consists of neutrons and protons |
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| has no charge and a mass of one atomic mass unit(amu) |
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| have a positive charge and a mass of 1 amu(atomic mass unit). Elements have same number of protons and electrons. |
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Definition
| are found orbiting the nucleus on the electron cloud. Have a negative charge and 1/2000 the mass of a proton (0 amu). elements have same number of protons and electrons |
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Definition
| electrons move around the nucleus in fixed, circular orbits. |
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| regions around the nucleus in which electrons are most likely to be found. |
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| atoms undergo spontaneous decay called radiosctivity, used by doctors. |
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| two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.(same elements) |
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| two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together. (different elements) All compounds are homogeneous and cannot be separted by physical means. |
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Definition
| two or more components physically intermixed(not chemically mixed). No chemical bonding takes place. Can be heterogeneous or homogeneous |
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Definition
| homogeneous(same) mixtures of components throughout, either gas, liquid or solid throughout. two types of solutions, solvent and solute. |
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| substance present in greatest amount or dissolving medium. solvants are usually liquids. |
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| substances that are present in smaller amounts or lesser amounts. |
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| heterogeneous(different) mixtures whose solutes do not settle out. ex. orange juice |
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| heterogeneous(different) mixtures with visible solutes that tend to settle out. ex. mixture of sand and water |
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Definition
| outermost energy level conaining chemically active electrons |
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| electron energy levels that surround the necleus of an atom |
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Definition
| except for the first shell(full with 2 electrons)atoms interact in a manner to have 8 electons in their valence shell |
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| energy relationship between the electrons of the reacting atoms |
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Definition
| ionic bonds, covalent bond, and hydrogen bonds |
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Definition
| charged atoms resulting from the gain or loss of electrons(transfer electrons) |
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| have gained one or more electrons, negative charge |
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| have lost one or more electrons, positive charge |
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| formed by sharing of two or more, shared not transfered |
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| a single electron is shared |
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| three electrons are shared |
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| chemically inert elements |
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Definition
| outermost energy level fully occupied by electrons |
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| chemically reactant elements |
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Definition
| do not have their outermost energy level fully occupied by electrons |
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Definition
| number 18 column on periodic table, have outermost shell full |
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| electrons shared equally between atoms |
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Definition
| unequal sharing of electrons |
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| too weak to bind atoms together |
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| atoms with six or seven valence shell electrons |
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| atoms with one or two valence shell electrons |
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| written out in symbolic form |
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| in equations, written to indicate that the atoms are joined by chemical bond |
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