Term
| Functional Characteristics |
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Definition
Maintaining Boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth |
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Definition
| The study of the structure of the body parts and their relationships to one another |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the function of the body's structural machinery |
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Term
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Definition
Gross(macroscopic)
Microscopic
Developmental |
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Term
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Definition
study of large body structures
ex: heart, lungs, kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
Structures too small to be seen by naked eye
ex: cells, thin slices of body tissue |
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Term
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Definition
traces structural changes occured throughout life span
ex: pregnancy |
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Term
| Subdivisions of Physiology |
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Definition
Renal
Neurophysiology
Cardiovascular |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| working of the nervous system |
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Term
| Cardiovascular Physiology |
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Definition
| operation of the heart and blood vessels |
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Term
| Principle of complementarity(of structure and function) |
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Definition
| Function always reflects structure. What a structure can do depends on its specific form. |
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Term
| levels of structural organization(simplest to complex) |
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Definition
-chemica(atoms combined to form molecules)
-cellular(cells are made of molecules)
-tissue(consists of similar types of cells)
-organ(made up of different types of tissues)
-organ system(consists of different organs that work closely together)
-organismal(made up of the organ systems) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever changing outside world. |
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Term
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Definition
| the output shuts off the original stimulus. causes the variable to change in a direction opposite to that of the initial change, returning it to its ideal value. |
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Term
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Definition
| the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus. change that results proceeds in the same direction as the initial change, causing the variable to deviate further and further from its original value or range. |
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Term
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Definition
Disturbance of homeostasis or the body's normal equilibrium. overwhelming the usual negative feedback mechanisms allows destructive positive feedback mechanisms to take over.
ex: some heart failure reflect this. |
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Term
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Definition
| monitors the environment and responds to changes |
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Term
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Definition
| determines the set point at which the variable is maintained |
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Term
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Definition
| provides the means to repond to stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| approaches the control center |
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Term
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Definition
| information exits from control center |
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Term
| subdivisons of gross anatomy |
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Definition
regional-structures in one part of body
systemic-studied system by system
surface-study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin. |
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Term
| subdivisions of microscopic anatomy |
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Definition
cytology-study of cells
histology-study of tissues |
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Term
| subdivisions of developmental anatomy |
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Definition
| embryology-study of developmental changes of body before birth |
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Term
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Definition
| study of structure changes by disease |
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Term
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Definition
| study of internal structures visualized by specialized scanning procedures such as x-ray, MRI and CT scans |
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Term
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Definition
| study of anatomical structuresat a subcellular level |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin, external body covering, composed of the skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair and nails. protects deep tissue from injury amd synthesizes vitamin D |
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Term
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Definition
composed of bone, cartilage and ligaments
protects & supports body organs
provides the framework for the muscles
site of blood cell formation
stores minerals |
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Term
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Definition
composed of muscles and tendons
allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion and facial expression
maintains posture
produces heat |
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Term
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Definition
composed of the brian, spinal column and nerves
is the fast acting control system of the body
responds to stimuli by activating muscles and glands |
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Term
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Definition
composed of the heart and blood vessels
heart pumps blood
blood vessels transport blood throughout the body |
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Term
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Definition
composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels
picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood
disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream
houses white blood cells involved with immunity |
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Term
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Definition
composed of the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
composed of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus and liver
breaks down foodinto absorable units that enter the blood
eliminates indigestible foodstuffs as feces |
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Term
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Definition
composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and uretha
eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body
regulates water, electrolyte and pH balance of the blood |
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Term
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Definition
composed of prostate gland, penis, testes, scrotum and ductus deferens
main function is the production of offspring
testesproduce sperm and male sex hormones
duct and glands deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract |
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Term
| female reproductive system |
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Definition
composed of mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
main function is the production of offspring
ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus
mammary glands produce milk to nourish the newborn |
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Term
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Definition
| glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use(metabolism)by body cells |
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Term
| organ systems interrelationhips |
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Definition
how systems work together
ex: integumentary system protects body from external environment
ex:digestive and respiratory systems, in contact with the external environment, take in nutrients and oxygen |
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