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Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 1 Notes
102
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
08/18/2012

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Term
integumentary system
Definition
external covering of the body
Term
skeletal system
Definition
consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints
Term
muscular system
Definition
muscles
Term
nervous system
Definition
fast acting control system
Term
endrocrine system
Definition
slow acting control system
Term
cardiovascular system
Definition
heard and blood vessels
Term
lymphatic system
Definition
complementary to that of cardiovascular system
Term
respiratory system
Definition
lungs, nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Term
digestive system
Definition
tube from mouth to anus
Term
urinary system
Definition
removes nirogen containgin wastes from the blood
Term
reproductive system
Definition
produce offspring
Term
movement
Definition
includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system
Term
responsiveness, or irritablility
Definition
ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them
Term
digestion
Definition
the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood for delivery to all body cells
Term
metabolism
Definition
broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells
Term
excretion
Definition
the process of removing wastes from the body
Term
reproduction
Definition
the production of offspring
Term
growth
Definition
an increase in size
Term
What are the survival needs of life?
Definition
nutrients, oxygen, water, body temperature, atmospheric pressure
Term
nutrients
Definition
taken in via the diet contain the chemicals used for energy and cell building
Term
oxygen
Definition
chemical reactions that release energy from foods require this
Term
water
Definition
accounts for 60 to 80 percent of body weight
Term
body temperature
Definition
must be maintained at around 37 degrees celcius or 98 degrees fereinheight
Term
atmospheric pressure
Definition
breathing and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs depend on appropriate ??
Term
homeostasis
Definition
the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing
Term
receptor
Definition
sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment
Term
control center
Definition
determines the level (set point) at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the information it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course of action
Term
effector
Definition
provides the means for the control center's response (output) to the stimulus
Term
negative feedback mechanisms
Definition
net effect of the response to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity
Term
postive feedback mechanisms
Definition
increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and to push the variable farther from its original value
Term
abdominal
Definition
anterior body trunk inferior to ribs
Term
acromial
Definition
point of shoulder
Term
antecubital
Definition
anterior surface of elbow
Term
axillary
Definition
armpit
Term
brachial
Definition
arm
Term
buccal
Definition
cheek area
Term
carpal
Definition
wrist
Term
cervical
Definition
neck region
Term
coxal
Definition
hip
Term
crural
Definition
leg
Term
digital
Definition
fingers, toes
Term
femoral
Definition
thigh
Term
fibular
Definition
lateral part of leg, outside
Term
inguinal
Definition
area where thigh meets body trunk, groin
Term
nasal
Definition
nose area
Term
oral
Definition
mouth
Term
orbital
Definition
eye area
Term
patellar
Definition
anterior knee
Term
pelvic
Definition
area overlying the pelvis anteriorly
Term
pubic
Definition
genital region
Term
sternal
Definition
breastbone area
Term
tarsal
Definition
ankle region
Term
thoracic
Definition
chest
Term
umbilical
Definition
navel
Term
calcaneal
Definition
heel of foot
Term
cephalic
Definition
head
Term
deltoid
Definition
curve of shoulder formed by large muscle
Term
femoral
Definition
thigh
Term
gluteal
Definition
buttock
Term
lumbar
Definition
area of back between ribs and hips
Term
occipital
Definition
posterior surface of head
Term
olecranal
Definition
posterior surface of elbow
Term
popliteal
Definition
posterior knee area
Term
sacral
Definition
area between hips, back side
Term
scapular
Definition
shoulder blade region
Term
sural
Definition
the posterior surface of lower leg, the calf
Term
vertebral
Definition
area of spine
Term
plantar
Definition
sole of foot
Term
section
Definition
cut
Term
plane
Definition
imaginary line
Term
sagittal section
Definition
cut made along the lengthwise, or logitudinal plane of the body dividing the body into right and left parts
Term
midsagittal or median section
Definition
dut is made down the middle of the body and the right and left parts are equal
Term
frontal section
Definition
divides into anterior and posterior parts
Term
coronal section
Definition
divides into anterior and posterior parts
Term
transverse section
Definition
cut made along the horizontal plane dividing into superior and inferior parts
Term
cross section
Definition
cut made along the horizontal plane dividing into superior and inferior parts
Term
dorsal body cavity
Definition
cranial cavity and spinal cavity
Term
spinal cavity
Definition
extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
space inside the bony skull
Term
superior, cephalad, cranial
Definition
toward the head or upper part of a structure or the body, above
Term
inferior, caudal
Definition
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body, below
Term
anterior, ventral
Definition
toward or at the front of the body, in front of
Term
posterior, dorsal
Definition
toward or at the backside of the body, behind
Term
medial
Definition
toward or at the midline of the body, on the inner side of
Term
lateral
Definition
away from the midline of the body, on the outer side of
Term
intermediate
Definition
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Term
proximal
Definition
close to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Term
distal
Definition
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Term
superficial, external
Definition
toward or at the body surface
Term
deep, internal
Definition
away from the body surface, more internal
Term
venteral body cavity
Definition
contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
lungs, heart, and others
Term
diaphragm
Definition
dome shaped muscle separates thoracic cavity from abdomino-pelvic cavity
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
everything inferior to the diaphragm
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
stomach, liver, intestines and other organs
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum
Term
umbilical region
Definition
centermost region deep to and surrounding the navel
Term
epigastric region
Definition
located superior to the umbilical region
Term
hypgastric (pubic) region
Definition
inferior to the umbilical region
Term
inguninal regions
Definition
lateral to the hypogastric region
Term
lumbar regions
Definition
lie lateral to the umbilical region
Term
hypochondriac regions
Definition
flank the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs
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