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Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 3 terms
14
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/17/2012

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Term
gland
Definition
an organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body for elimination
Term
active transport
Definition
net movement of a substance across a membrane against a concentration or electrical gradient; requires release and use of cellular energy
Term
chromosome
Definition
dense structure, composed of tightly coiled DNA strands and associated histones, that become visible in the nucleus when a cell prepares to undergo mitosis or meiosis; normal human somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes a piece
Term
concentration gradient
Definition
regional differences in the concentration of a particular substance
Term
electrolyte
Definition
a substance that breaks down into ions when in solution and is capable of conducting an electric current
Term
deoxyribonucleic acid
Definition
DNA; a nucleic acid consisting of a chain of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
the substance of a cell other than that of the nucleus
Term
hypertonic
Definition
excessive, above normal, tone or tension
Term
hypotonic
Definition
below normal tone or tension
Term
isotonic
Definition
having a uniform tension; of the same tone
Term
membrane
Definition
any sheet or partition; a layer consisting of an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue
Term
mitosis
Definition
the division of the cell nucleus; often followed by division of the cytoplasm of a cell
Term
organelles
Definition
specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions
Term
tissues
Definition
a group of similar cells specialized to perform a specific function; primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues
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