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Anatomy & Physiology 01
Maintenance of the Internal Envirnoment
29
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/06/2015

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Term
Active Transport
Definition
Involves the expenditure of extra energy from the cell's own energy reserves and can result in net movement of solute uphill against a concentration gradient. 
Term
Antiport
Definition
One solute may be exchanged for another in a process of exchange.
Term
ATPase
Definition
A large family of enzymes.
Term
Carriers
Definition
Proteins that actually bind individual solute molecules on one side of the membrane and release the solute ont he opposide side of the membrane.
Term
Channels
Definition
Barrel-shaped poers that enclose a small water-filled passage through which solutes diffuse as if in a free solution.
Term
Cotransport
Definition
Multiple solutes of different types may need to bind to the carrier before all are translocated.
Term
Diffusion
Definition
The movement of a substance due to the random movement of its individual particles.
Term
Diffusion Coefficient
Definition
A fasctor that determines the rate of net movement of a substance by diffusion, it is a property that depends on the particle size of the substance and the nature of the medium in which diffusion is occuring.
Term
Diffusion Potential
Definition
The charge seperation generated by this process can be measured as an electrical voltage between the two chambers.
Term
Distance
Definition
A key factor that determine the rate of net movement of a substance by diffusion.  Greater distance reduce the rate of net movement.
Term
Effectors
Definition
Changes the regulated variable in the direction of the set point.
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
A process of cellular uptake in which a small region of the plasma membrane is first indented to form a pocket and then is pinched off to form an endocytotic vesicle.
Term
Endocytotic Vesicle
Definition
A packet of plasma membrane containing anything that was within the pocket when it formed.
Term
Enzymes
Definition
Any of a very large class of complex percutaneous substances (as amylases or pepsi) that are produced by living cells, that are essential to life by adcting like catalysts for the body, permitting it to carry our reactions at body temperature that would require a much higher temperature if conducted without catalysts.
Term
Equilibrium Potential
Definition
The magnitude of the equilibrium potential (E) is directly related to the magnitude of the concentration gradient, since one must balance the other.
Term
Exchange
Definition
A process in which one solute may be exchanged for another (antiport).
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
A process in which intracellular vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents to the exterior.
Term
Exothermic
Definition
Heat-releasing
Term
Extracellular Compartment
Definition
All of the solution outside cells.
Term
Extracellular Fluid
Definition
All the fluid outside cells, which has two main components:
-The interstitial fluid
-The blood plasma
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
A solution that contains a higher impermeant solute concentration and causes cells to shrink.
Term
Hypertonic Challenge
Definition
A homeostatic challenge that adds additional impermeant solute to the ECF without changing the total water content of the body will drive movement of water from the intracellular compartment to the extracellular compartment until the osmotic concentrations of both compartments are again equal, but higher than normal.
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
A solution that contains a lower concentration of impermeant solute than normal cytoplasm (and therefore a higher osmotic strength) and cuases cells placed in it to swell.
Term
Hypotonic Challenge
Definition
A homeostatic challenge that decreases total extracellular solute will result in osmotic flow of water into the cells until the osmotic concentration of the two compartments becomes equal, but lower than normal.
Term
Interstitial Fluid
Definition
Fluid that immediately surrounds cell in tissues.
Term
Intracellular Compartment
Definition
A compartment, which is surrounded by a water-permeable barrier, that holds all of the cytoplasm of a cell.
Term
Ions
Definition
Atoms or molecules that have an electrical charge.
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Solutions throughout most organs and tissues in which the osmotic concentration of the cytoplasm is approximately 300mOsmoles/liter.
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