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Anatomy/Physiology Test One
Learning Basic Terms/Spinal Anatomy and Physiology, and Pathology/ Muscles of the Spine and Cervical Area/Overview of Pain and Pathology
63
Anatomy
Not Applicable
08/29/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Thoracic Region Vertebra

Definition
  • T1-T12
  • larger and stronger than cervical vertebrae
  • most distinguishing feature is articulate with the ribs with facets and dami-facets 
Term

 

 

 

Lumbar Region Vertebra

Definition
  • largest and strongest in vertebra column
  • supports the greatest amound of body weight in upright position

 

Term

 

 

 

Sacral Region Vertebra

Definition
  • triangular bone formed by the union of 5 vertebra 

 

Term

 

 

 

Coccygeal Region

Definition
  • most distal "end" of spine 
  • formed by the fusion of 3-5 coccygeal vert.
  • "Tail Bone"
Term

 

 

 

The Bones

Definition
  • 206 bones in the human body 
Term

 

 

 

Axial Skeleton

Definition
  • skull, thorax, vertebra column, hyoid bonbe 
Term

 

 

 

Appendicular Skeleton

Definition
  • arms, legs, pectoral, and pelvic girdle 
Term

 

 

The Spine:

Functions

Definition
  1. protection
  2. base for attatchment 
  3. structual support
  4. flexibility and mobility
  5. blood vessels and nerves
Term

 

 

 

Spinal Regions

Definition

24 vertebra and 4 fused bones

    • cervical-7
    • thoracic-12
    •  lumbar-5
    • sacrum- 5 fused bones (wedge shaped)
    • coccyx-fused 3-5 vertebra
 
Term

 

Importance of the

Curves of the Vertebra Column

Definition
  1. increased strength
  2. helps maintain balance in upright position
  3. absorbs shock during walking and running 
  4. protects column from fractures
Term

 

 

 

Concave

Definition
Refers to anteriorly (away from body) bends.
Term

 

 

 

Convex

Definition

refers to posteriorly (towards the body) bends 

Term

 

 

Cervical Vertebra

Definition
  • numbered C1-C7
  • smaller than thoracic vertebra
  • has 3 formaen (holes)
  • spinous process of C2-C6 are bifed
  • first two differ from others
Term

 

 

 

Atlas

Definition
  • C1
  • supports the head 
Term

 

 

 

Anatomy of The Disks

Definition
  • Annalus Fibrosis- strong radial tire like substance that encloses the nucleus pulposus
  • Nucleus Pulposus- mushy, moist center layer with a clear watery liquid, this hydrated gel resists compression
Term

 

 

 

Facet Joints

Definition
  • hinge like joints that link vertebra together
  • each vertebra has 2 sets of facet joints superior and inferior
  • theses jonts allow for flexion, extension, and lateral rotation 
Term

 

 

 

Parts of Vertebra

Definition
[image]
Term

 

 

 

Parts of Spinal Column

Definition
[image]
Term

 

 

 

Patghology

Definition
The study of diseases
Term

 

 

 

Osteo

Definition

Having to do with

Bone

Term

 

 

 

Porosis

Definition

Condition of

Pores

Term

 

 

 

Lordo

Definition
curve j sway back
Term

 

 

 

Osis

Definition
condition, usually abnormal
Term

 

 

 

Kypho

Definition
humpback
Term

 

 

 

Scolio

Definition
crooked j bend of back
Term

 

 

 

Ankyo

Definition
stiffness
Term

 

 

 

Spondylo

Definition
vertebra (backbone)
Term

 

 

 

Itis

Definition
inflammation
Term

 

 

Inter

 

Definition
between
Term

 

 

 

Contra

Definition
against
Term

 

 

 

Arthro

Definition
joint
Term

 

 

 

Origin

Definition
  • generally located more distal to the center of the body
  • anchored, remains relatively immovable during contraction of the muscle
Term

 

 

 

Insertion

Definition
  • generally located  more distal to the center of the body
  • attatched to the section of the body that is mobile during contraction of the body
Term

 

 

 

Action

Definition
  • The movement or function a muscle performs 
Term

 

 

 

Isometric

Definition
  • muscle activity with no change in length, no work is performed 
Term

 

 

 

Eccentric

Definition
  • muscle activity where muscles lengthens during tension production 
Term

 

 

 

Concetric

Definition
  • muscle activity where muscle shortens during tension production 
Term

 

 

 Sternocleidomastoid

(SCM)

Definition
  • Origin: Sternal Head- superior part of manubrium Clavical Head: medical 1/3 of clavicle
  • Insertion: mastoid process
  • Action: bilaterally flexes head
Term

 

 

 

Scalenes: Anterior

Definition
  • Origin: Transverse Process (T.P.) 3-6th cervical  vertebra
  • Insertion: 1st rib
Term

 

 

 

Scalenes: Medial

Definition
  • Origin: T.P. of 5-6th cervical vertebra
  • Insertion: 1st rib 
Term

 

 

 

Scalenes: Posterior

Definition
  • Origin: T.P of 5-6th cervical vertebra
  • Insertion: 2nd rib 
Term

 

 

 

Levator Scapulae

Definition
  • Origin: T.P of C1-C4
  • Insertion: medial bordee and superior angle of scapula
  • Action: bilaterally-cervical extension  unilaterally-lateral flexion 
Term

 

 

 

Trapezius

Definition
  • Origin: external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuche, medial portion of superior occiput C7-C12 spinous process
  • Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
  • Action: upper- (bilaterally) cervical extension middle- adduct scapula, stabilize scapula lower- depression of scapula 
Term

 

 

 

Ligamentum Flavum

Definition
A band of elastic tissue connected to the laminae, fuses with the facet joint capsules, covers the spinal canal
Term

 

 

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Definition
Thick band of fiborous tissue that lays along the vertebra, protects against hyperextension of the spine
Term

 

 

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Definition
the ligament between the vertebrae and the spinal dura
Term

 

 

 

Anatomy

Definition
the study of the structure of the human body
Term

 

 

 

Physiology

Definition
study of the functions of the body
Term

 

 

 

Gross Anatomy

Definition
atudy of the organs and structures of the body that can be dissected in detail
Term

 

 

 

Kinesiology

Definition

the study of the movement of the body

(O,I,A)

Term

 

 

 

Histology

Definition
study of tissue
Term

 

 

 

Cytology

Definition
study of the structure of individual cells
Term

 

 

 

Pathology

Definition
study of the change caused by diseases
Term

 

 

 

Homeostasis

Definition
the body's tendency to return to the state of optimum health
Term

 

 

 

Stresser

Definition
any stimmulis on the body that disrupts homeostasis
Term

 

 

 

Signs

Definition

objective, physicaally observable and measurable (fever, discoloration, pulse)

 

Term

 

 

 

Symptoms

Definition
felt by the patient (dizzyness, pain, nausea)
Term

 

 

 

Ischemia

Definition
contraction of muscles and tissues, constricts blood vessels and inhibits blood flow leading to trigger points
Term

 

 

 

Infection

Definition
invasion of the body by organisms (bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa)
Term

 

 

 

Fever

Definition

body tempeture rises to fight infection,

brain/tissue damage starts to occur at 102-106 degrees

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