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Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1
Connective Tissue
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/11/2010

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Cards

Term
What are the 5 types of connective tissue?
Definition

1) loose (areolar & adipose)

2) dense/connective tissue proper (regular & irregular)

3) cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage)

4) bone (cancellous/spongy & compact)

5) blood 

Term
In general, all connective tissue is derived from what?
Definition
the same embryonic tissue called mesenchyme
Term

What does connective tissue have an abundance of?

what different types are there in connective tissue?

Definition

extracellular matrix

1) collagen

2) elastic

3) reticular

 

Term

collagen

where found?

function?

Definition

very thick fibrous protein

 

-found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue

-very strong

-most abundant fiber in body

Term

extracellular matrix

function?

Definition
nonliving structural portion of tissue that surrounds and separates living cells
Term

elastic fibers

made of what?

where found?

function?

Definition

fibers made of the protein elastin

 

-found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue

-provide the recoil (stretching) for tissue

-found in skin, lungs, blood vessels

Term

reticular fibers

made of what?

 where found?

function?

 

Definition

fiers that are made of very thin fibrous protein

 

-found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue

-form a supportive network around lymphatic tissue

-found in spleen and lymph nodes

Term
immature and mature cell type of loose/dense connective tissue?
Definition
fibroblast / fibrocyte
Term

immature/mature cell type of cartilage connective tissue?

 

Definition
chondroblast/chondrocyte?
Term
immature/mature cell type of bone connective tissue?
Definition
osteoblast/osteocyte
Term
immature/mature cell type of blood connective tissue?
Definition
hemopoietic stem cell/WBCs & RBCs
Term
what are the 2 forms of loose connective tissue?
Definition

areolar & adipose

 

Term
areolar tissue
Definition

type of loose connective tissue

 

-attaches skin to underlying tissues

Term
adipose tissue
Definition

type of loose connective tissue

 

-2 types: yellow and brown

Term
function of yellow adipose tissue
Definition
storage, insulation, protection
Term

function of brown adipose tissue

where found?

Definition

generates heat

 

-found in armpits, neck, near kidneys, and in newborns

Term
what are the types of dense connective tissue/connective tissue proper?
Definition
regular and irregular
Term

regular dense connective tissue

how arranged?

what does it form?

Definition

protein fibers are arranged in one direction to increase tissue strength

 

-forms tendons

Term

tendon

Definition

connections of muscles to bones

 

-formed by regular dense connective tissue

 

 

 

Term

irregular dense connective tissue

Definition

protein fibers are randomly arranged for stretching

 

 

 

 

Term
what are the types of cartilage?
Definition
hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
Term

hyaline cartilage

made of what?

location?

Definition

made of small collagen bundles

 

-in areas where support and flexibility is needed

-most abundant form of cartilage in body

-makes up costal cartilage of nose, ribs, trachea, articulating surfaces

Term
articulating surfaces
Definition

areas where 2 structures come together to perform movement

 

-where hyaline cartilage is found

-ex: humerus and ulna 

Term

fibrocartilage

made of what?

location?

Definition

made of large collagen bundles

 

-found in areas that withstand lots of pressure

-ex: knee joint, between the vertebrae

Term

elastic cartilage

made of what?

location?

Definition

made of elastin and collagen

 

-found in areas that are rigid but flexible

-ex: external ear

Term

what does bone connective tissue consist of?

 

Definition

living cells and a mineralized matrix

Term
what are the 2 types of bones?
Definition
cancellous (spongy) and compact
Term
cancellous/spongy bone
Definition

makes up most inner portions of bones

 

-this type of bone resembles a "honeycomb"

-made of trabeculae

-large open spaces filled with bone marrow

Term
Where is compact bone found?
Definition
outer covering of most bone
Term

Trabeculae? 

what is between them?

Definition

flat, bony plates

 

-makes up cancellous/spongy bone

-large, open spaces filled with bone marrow

Term
what is lamellae?
Definition

bony layers

-resembles a "bulls eye"

-what makes up compact bone

-hard and solid (no spaces)

Term
where is spongy bone most found?
Definition
inner portion
Term
How is blood tissue formed?
Definition
hemopoietic stem cells found in bone marrow
Term
what is blood made of?
Definition
plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
Term
what is the function of blood?
Definition
transports carbon dioxide, oxygen nutrients, wastes, and hormones throughout body
Term
Where is nervous tissue found?
Definition
brain, spinal cord, & fibers extending from these areas
Term
what is the function of nervous tissue?
Definition
controls body functions through electrical signals called action potentials
Term

what are action potentials?

what produces them?

Definition

electrical signals to control body functions via nervous tissue

 

-produced by neurons/nerve cells

Term
What are the 2 nervous tissue cell types?
Definition
neurons/nerve cells & neuroglia
Term
What are neurons/nerve cells?
Definition

one of 2 major types of nervous tissue cells

 

-actual conducting cells

-produce action potentials

Term
what are neuroglia?
Definition

one of 2 types of nervous tissue cells

 

-non-conducting support cells

-do NOT produce action potentials

-provide protection & insulation for neurons

Term

what is muscle tissue responsible for?

how does it function?

Definition

all movement in the body

 

-contracting/shortening in response to electrical signals (action potentials)

Term
how is muscle contraction made possible?
Definition
by the interaction of 2 cellular contractile proteins: actin and myosin
Term
what are actin and myosin?
Definition
contractile proteins in muscle tissue that make contraction possible when interacting
Term

How is muscle tissue described? (2 ways)

 

Definition

structure and function

 

-structure- striated or smooth

-function- voluntary or involuntary

Term
what is striated muscle tissue?
Definition

has visible microscopic bands of actin and myosin

 

-skeletal and cardiac

Term
what is smooth muscle?
Definition

non-striated, with no visible bands of actin and myosin

 

-smooth muscle

Term

what are the 3 main types of muscle?

describe nucleus, structure, function of each

Definition

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

 

-skeletal- multi-nucleate, striated, voluntary

-cardiac- mono-nucleate, striated, involuntary

-smooth- mono-nucleate, smooth, involuntary

Term
where is skeletal muscle found? cardiac? smooth?
Definition

skeletal- packaged in sheets of connective tissue

attached to bone

cardiac- heart

smooth- in walls of hollow organs (small intestine, blood vessels)

Term
how is skeletal muscle packaged?
Definition
in sheets of connective tissue attached to bone
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