Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy & Physiology 1- Dr. Smith ASUB
TEST 4- Nervous system
98
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
06/27/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The CNS is derived from __________. 
Definition
Embryonic ectoderm
Term
Around day _____, the dorsal ectoderm thickens to form a neural plate
Definition
19
Term
At day ___, the neural plate forms a crease forming the neural groove flanked by the neural folds
Definition
20
Term
The neural folds fuse to form the _________. 
Definition
Neural tube
Term
What disorder will be present if the anterior portion of the neural tube does not close by day 25? 
Definition
Lamina terminalis 
Term
What disorder is present if the posterior portion of the neural tube doesn't close by day 27? 
Definition
Spina bifida
Term
By week 4 of gestation, the anterior portions of the neural tube expand to form 3 primary brain vesicles. Name them. 
Definition

1. Proencephalon

2. Mesencephalon

3. Rhombencephalon

Term
What is the brainstem composed of? 
Definition

1. Midbrain

2. Pons

3. Medulla

Term
At week 5 of gestation, what does the proencephalon turn in to? 
Definition
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
Term
At week 5 of gestation, what does the rhombencephalon become? 
Definition
Metencephalon and the Myelencephalon
Term

Match the following secondary brain vesicles with the adult brain structures.

 

1. Telencephalon

2. Diencephalon

3. Mesencephalon

4. Metencephalon

5. Myelencephalon 

 

A. Midbrain and cerebral aqueduct

B. Cerebrum and lateral ventricles

C. Pons, cerebellum, and anterior portion of the 4th ventricle

D. Diencephalon and 3rd ventricle

E. Medulla and the posterior portion of the 4th ventricle. 

 

Definition

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. C

5. E

Term
This disorder of embryonic development of the CNS is the result of the anterior neuropore not closing. The cerebral hemispheres are also absent. 
Definition
Anencephaly
Term
This disorder of embryonic development of the CNS is described as a malformation of the ventral mesoderm induction. It results in marked facial deformities (sometimes they have a cycloptic eye)
Definition
Holoprosencephaly
Term
This disorder of embryonic development of the CNS results in an increase in the pressure or volume of the CSF. 
Definition
Hydrocephalus
Term
This disorder of embryonic development of the CNS results in incomplete spinal cord closure. Folic acid ingested by pregnant females reduces the risk of this by 75%. 
Definition
Spina bifida
Term
What separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobe? 
Definition
Central sulcus
Term
What separates the parietal and occipital lobe? 
Definition
parieto-occipital sulcus
Term
What separates the temporal lobe from the other lobes? 
Definition
lateral sulcus
Term
________ refers to a plate of gray matter
Definition
Cortex
Term
________ refers to the fact that the cortex is not symmetrical 
Definition
lateralization
Term
______ controls voluntary movements
Definition
primary motor cortex 
Term
________ is found anterior and lateral to the premotor cortex; typically on the left hemisphere. Known as the "motor speech area"
Definition
Brocas Area
Term
________ is found on the posterior temporal lobe, typically only on the left hemisphere. Responsible for the articulation of language
Definition
Wernicke's area
Term
The _________ is found in the insula and is responsible for conscious visceral sensations. 
Definition
Visceral association area
Term
Name the three types of nerve fibers. 
Definition

Commissural 

Association

Projection

Term
_______ connects gray areas between hemispheres 
Definition
Commissural fibers
Term
________  connect gray areas within a hemisphere. 
Definition
association fibers
Term
_________ connect gray areas of the cortex with areas in the lower brain. 
Definition
projection fibers
Term
The basal ganglia contains four pairs of nuclei. Name them
Definition
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and amygdala
Term
The lentiform and caudate nuclei are collectively called the _________. 
Definition
Corpus Striatum 
Term
This structure's function helps to coordinate the motor functions of the cerebral cortex. 
Definition
Corpus striatum 
Term
Name 3 structures contained in the diencephalon
Definition

1. Thalamus

2. Hypothalamus

3. Epithalamus

Term
The _______ lies at the floor of the 3rd ventricle between the optic chiasma and mammillary bodies. 
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
The ______ lies at the base of the hypothalamus
Definition
pituitary 
Term
What does the hypothalamus do? 
Definition
Regulates body temperature; sensors for  hunger, thirst, circadian rhythms, etc. 
Term
_______ produces the hormone melatonin from serotonin; synthesis increases in the dark. 
Definition
Pinealocytes
Term
T or F? The cerebellum is included in the brain stem
Definition
False; it is NOT 
Term
The brainstem contains nuclei for cranial nerves _______. 
Definition
3-12
Term
The _____ is composed of the mesencephalon, metencephalon, and the myencephalon. 
Definition
brainstem 
Term
The ______ is derived from the embryonic mesencephalon. 
Definition
midbrain
Term
_________ are found on the anterior portion of the midbrain
Definition
cerebral peduncles
Term
Cerebral peduncles contain fibers of the _______. 
Definition
corticospinal tract
Term
The _______ runs through the center of the midbrain. 
Definition
cerebral aqueduct
Term
In the midbrain, the _______ is composed of two embedded nuclei deep to the cerebral peduncles. 
Definition
substantia nigra
Term
Degeneration of the nuclei in the substantia nigra is known as ________
Definition
Parkinson's disease
Term
The ______ are located deep to the substantia nigra; these nuclei are involved in control of muscle movements. 
Definition
red nuclei
Term
The ____ contains the nucleus for the occulomotor nerve. 
Definition
Midbrain
Term
The _____ is derived from the embryonic metencephalon. 
Definition
pons
Term
The _____ is composed of many tracts that connect the higher brain with the lower brain. 
Definition
pons
Term
_______ houses the superior portion of the 4th ventricle. 
Definition
Pons
Term
The _____ is derived from the embryonic myencephalon
Definition
medulla
Term
Where is the decussation of the pyramids? 
Definition
medulla
Term
The dorsal _____ contains nuclei and tracts important for carrying somatosensory information from the body to the CNS
Definition
medulla
Term
This structure exhibits two hemispheres divided medially by a vermis
Definition
cerebellum
Term
T or F? The anterior lobe of the cerebellum is involved in the regulation of muscle tone. 
Definition
True
Term
T or F? The posterior lobe of the cerebellum is involved in the coordination of voluntary motor activity. 
Definition
true
Term
The ______ lobe of the cerebellum is involved in the maintenance of posture and balance. 
Definition
flocculonodular
Term
The cerebellar white matter is organized into a branching network called the ______. 
Definition
arbor vitae
Term
Do fibers in the cerebellum communicate ispilaterally or contralaterally? 
Definition
ispilaterally
Term
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? 
Definition
31
Term
_______ are three connective tissue membranes that cover and protect the CNS. 
Definition
Meninges
Term
______ lies between the pia and dura maters. 
Definition
arachnoid 
Term
______ is also known as pachymeninx
Definition
dura mater
Term
Dura mater is heavily innervated by cranial nerves __ &___
Definition
V& X
Term
The ______ lies between the arachnoid and the pia mater; CONTAINS CSF
Definition
subarachnoid space
Term
The _______ arise from the cavities of the embryonic brain vesicles. 
Definition
ventricles
Term
Ventricles are lined with ________ cells. 
Definition
ependymal
Term
________ contains the choroid plexuses that produce CSF
Definition
ventricles
Term
______ communicates with the lateral ventricles via the foramen of Munro (interventricular foramen) and is derived from the lumen of the diencephalon. 
Definition
3rd ventricle
Term
The anterior portion of the __________ is derived from the metencephalon, while the posterior portion is derived from myencephalon. 
Definition
4th ventricle
Term
The ______ communicated with the spinal cord via the central canal
Definition
4th ventricle
Term
The _________ is clear and acellular; found in the ventricles and subarachnoid space of the CNS. 
Definition
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
Term
What produces CSF? 
Definition
choroid plexuses. 
Term
The total volume of CSF is around ____ mL. 
Definition
140
Term
What removes CSF from the subarachnoid space? 
Definition
arachnoid villi
Term
The _______ acts as a selective barrier and helps to regulate the brains chemical environment. 
Definition
blood brain barrier
Term
What is responsible for the blood-brain barrier? 
Definition
Endothelium of the brain's blood
Term
The _______ surrounds the structures of the diencephalon and gives rise to the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. (ACA, MCA, PCA). 
Definition
circle of willis
Term
The "veins" of the brain are the _______. 
Definition
dural sinuses
Term
_______ are interruptions of the blood flow to the brain. (Cerebrovascular accidents). 
Definition
strokes
Term
_______ sense pressure, toch, stretch, etc. 
Definition
mechanoreoceptors
Term
_______ sense temperature
Definition
thermoreceptors
Term
_______ senses light
Definition
photoreceptors
Term
________ sense chemicals, tastes, and smells
Definition
chemorecptors
Term
________ sense painful stimuli
Definition
nociceptors
Term
__________ sense external stimuli
Definition
exteroceptors
Term
________ sense internal stimuli
Definition
interoceptors
Term
_______ sense stretch and position in skeletal muscles
Definition
proprioceptors
Term
________ are located almost everywhere; respond primarily to pain and temperature
Definition
free nerve endings
Term
________ are located in the epidermis; responds to light touch
Definition
merkel discs
Term
________ is located around the hair follicle; responds to deflection of hair. 
Definition
root hair plexuses
Term
__________ adapt rapidly to a constant stimulus and primarily detect the onset and offset of a stimulus and a changing stimulus. 
Definition
phasic sensory receptors
Term
_________ detect steady stimulus
Definition
tonic sensory receptors
Term
A _____ is a bundle of fibers. 
Definition
Nerve
Supporting users have an ad free experience!