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Anatomy & Physiology 1
BIO 210 Lab
60
Anatomy
Professional
02/04/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Location:

endothelium

alveoli

serous membranes

capillaries

kidney glomeruli

 

Functions:

filtration

diffusion

secretion

Term
Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Location

kidney tubules

ovary surface

ducts and secretory portions of glands

 

Functions

secretion, absorption

Term
Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Location

GI tract (from stomach to rectum)

uterine tubes

small bronchi

 

Functions

secretion

absorption

Term
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Location

trachea

 

Functions

secrete and propel mucus

Term
Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Locations

epidermis

mouth

esophagus

vagina

anal canal

Term

Transitional Epithelial Tissue

Definition

Location

ureters

urinary bladder

 

Functions

distension

stretching

Term

Loose Areolar Connective Tissue

Definition

Location

deep to all epithelial tissue

surrounding organs

 

Functions

wrap/cushion organs

Term
Loose Adipose Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

hypodermis

within the abdomen

in breast

 

Functions

insulation

protection

energy storage

cushion

Term
Loose Reticular Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

liver

lymph nodes

bone marrow

spleen

 

Function

support via a "soft tissue skeleton"

Term
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

tendons

ligaments

 

Functions

strong attachment of two body parts in one direction

Term
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

dermis

fibrous capsules of joints

 

Functions

strong attachment of body parts in different directions

Term
Dense Elastic Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

intervertebral discs

vocal cords

wall of aorta

 

Function

stretch without deforming

Term
Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

ends of long bones

embryonic skeleton

nose

trachea

costal cartilage

 

Functions

support

cushion

Term
Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

intervertebral discs

pubic symphysis

 

Functions

flexible support

cushion

Term
Osseous Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

skeleton

 

Functions

protection

support

blood information

mineral storage

Term
Blood Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

cardiovascular system

(heart, arteries, veins, capillaries)

 

Functions

transport

thermoregulation

immunity

Term
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Definition

Location

attached to skeleton and facial tissue

 

Functions

voluntary movement

thermoregulation

involuntary shivering

Term
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Definition

Location

heart

 

Functions

pump blood

Term
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Definition

Location

walls of hollow organs

(stomach, intestines, etc.)

large arteries

 

Functions

propel substances through body

Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition

Location

brain

spinal cord

nerves

 

Functions

sense stimuli

control effectors

Term
Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Location:

endothelium

alveoli

serous membranes

capillaries

kidney glomeruli

 

Functions:

filtration

diffusion

secretion

Term
Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Location

kidney tubules

ovary surface

ducts and secretory portions of glands

 

Functions

secretion, absorption

Term
Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Location

GI tract (from stomach to rectum)

uterine tubes

small bronchi

 

Functions

secretion

absorption

Term
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Location

trachea

 

Functions

secrete and propel mucus

Term
Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Locations

epidermis

mouth

esophagus

vagina

anal canal

Term

Transitional Epithelial Tissue

Definition

Location

ureters

urinary bladder

 

Functions

distension

stretching

Term

Loose Areolar Connective Tissue

Definition

Location

deep to all epithelial tissue

surrounding organs

 

Functions

wrap/cushion organs

Term
Loose Adipose Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

hypodermis

within the abdomen

in breast

 

Functions

insulation

protection

energy storage

cushion

Term
Loose Reticular Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

liver

lymph nodes

bone marrow

spleen

 

Function

support via a "soft tissue skeleton"

Term
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

tendons

ligaments

 

Functions

strong attachment of two body parts in one direction

Term
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

dermis

fibrous capsules of joints

 

Functions

strong attachment of body parts in different directions

Term
Dense Elastic Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

intervertebral discs

vocal cords

wall of aorta

 

Function

stretch without deforming

Term
Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

ends of long bones

embryonic skeleton

nose

trachea

costal cartilage

 

Functions

support

cushion

Term
Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

intervertebral discs

pubic symphysis

 

Functions

flexible support

cushion

Term
Osseous Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

skeleton

 

Functions

protection

support

blood information

mineral storage

Term
Blood Connective Tissue
Definition

Location

cardiovascular system

(heart, arteries, veins, capillaries)

 

Functions

transport

thermoregulation

immunity

Term
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Definition

Location

attached to skeleton and facial tissue

 

Functions

voluntary movement

thermoregulation

involuntary shivering

Term
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Definition

Location

heart

 

Functions

pump blood

Term
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Definition

Location

walls of hollow organs

(stomach, intestines, etc.)

large arteries

 

Functions

propel substances through body

Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition

Location

brain

spinal cord

nerves

 

Functions

sense stimuli

control effectors

Term

The Organelles of a Representative Cell

 

 Nonmembranous Organelles

 

 

Definition

1. Cytoskeleton - microtubule, microfilament

2. Microvilli

3. Centrosome - centriole, microtubule

4. Cilia

5. Ribosomes

6. Proteasomes

 

 

Term

The Organelles of a Representative Cell

 

Membranous Organelles

Definition

1. Edoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Rough ER (RER), Smooth ER (SER)

2. Golgi apparatus

3. Lysosomes

4. Peroxisomes

5. Mitochondria

Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition

nonmembranous organelles

 microtublule

microfilament 

 

Composition 

Proteins organixed in fine filaments or slender tubes

 

Functions

Strength and support; movement of cellular structures and materials

Term
Cell Membrane
Definition

Composition

Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steroids, proteins and carbohydrates

 

Functions

Isolation; protection; sensitivity; support; controls entry and exit of materials

Term
Cytosol
Definition

Composition

Fluid component of cytoplasm

 

Functions

Distributes materials by diffusion

Term
Microvilli
Definition

nonmembranous organelle 

 

Composition

Membrane extensions containing microfilaments

 

Functions

Increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials

Term

Centrosome

Definition

nonmembranous organelle

centriole

microtubule

 

Composition

Cytoplasm containing two centrioles at right angles; each centrioles at right anbles; each centriole is composed of 9 microtubule

 triplets in a 9 + 0 array

 

Functions

Essential for movement of chromosome

 during cell division; organization of

microtubules in cytoskeleton

Term
Cilla
Definition

nonmembranous organelle

 

Composition

Membrane estensions containing microtubule doublets in a 9 + 2 array

 

Functions

Movement of materials over cell surface (mucus)

Term
Ribosomes
Definition

nonmembranous organelle

 

Composition

RNA + proteins; fixed ribosomes bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes

scattered in cytoplasm

 

Function

protein synthesis

Term
Proteasomes
Definition

nonmembranous organelle

 

Composition

Hollow cylinders of proteolytic enzymes with regulatory proteins at ends

 

Functions

Breakdown and recycling of damaged or abnormal intracellular proteins

Term
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Definition

membranous organelle

 

Composition

Network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm

 

Functions

Synthesis of secretory products; intracellular storage and transport

Term

Rough ER (RER)

 

Definition

membranous organelle

 

Composition

Has ribosomes bound to membranes

 

Function

Modification and packaging of

newly synthesized proteins

Term

Smooth ER (SER)

 

 

Definition

membranous organelle

 

Composition

Lacks attached ribosomes

 

Function

Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis

Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition

membranous organelle

 

Composition

Stacks of flattened membranes (cisternae)

containing chambers

 

Functions

Storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomeal enzymes

Term
Lysosomes
Definition

membranous organelle

 

 Composition

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

 

Functions

Inracellular removal of damaged

organelles or pathogens

Term
Peroxisomes
Definition

membranous organelles

 

Composition

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

 

Functions

Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds; neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process

 

Term
Mitochondria
Definition

membranous organelle

 

Composition

Double membrane, with inner membrane folds (cristae) enclosing important metabolic enxymes

 

Function

Produce 95% of ATP required by the cell

Term
Nucleus
Definition

surrounded by a nuclear envelope

 

Composition 

Nucleoplasm containing nucleotides, enzymes, mucheoproteins, and chromatin; surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)

 

Functions

Control of metabolism; storage and processing of genetic information; control of protein synthesis

Term
Nucleolus
Definition

Composition

Dense region in nucleoplasm containing DNA and RNA

 

Function

Site of rRNA synthesis and assembly

of ribosomal subunits

Term

Describe the events that occur in each stage of the cell cycle.

Definition

  During interphase, a cell conducts its normal metabolic activities and prepares itself for cell division. This portion of the cycle consists of three major divisions.

  1. During the G¹ phase (G=growth), the cell conducts its regular cellular activities.  The cell prepares for DNA replication and cell division by beginning to replicate its centrioles and cell organelles.  The duration of G¹ is quite variable and its length determines the timing of the entire cell cycle.

  2. During the S phase (S=synthesis), the DNA replicates itself.  This process must occur if the two new cells are to receive identical copies of the genetic material. The S phase typically last from 6 to 8 hours.

  3. During the G² phase, enxymes and other proteins that are needed for cell divisions are produced.  Centriole replication, which began during G¹, is completed. This phase usually last 2 to 5 hours.

 

At the conclusion of interphase, the cell enters the mitotic (M) phase.  In multicellular organisms, such as humans, mitosis provides growth, wound healing, and remodeling. Mitosis takes 1 to 3 hours to complete and is subdivided into four major phases. These phases are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

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