Location:

endothelium

alveoli

serous membranes

capillaries

kidney glomeruli

Functions:

filtration

diffusion

secretion

Location

kidney tubules

ovary surface

ducts and secretory portions of glands

Functions

secretion, absorption

Location

GI tract (from stomach to rectum)

uterine tubes

small bronchi

Functions

secretion

absorption

Location

trachea

Functions

secrete and propel mucus

Locations

epidermis

mouth

esophagus

vagina

anal canal

Transitional Epithelial Tissue

Location

ureters

urinary bladder

Functions

distension

stretching

Loose Areolar Connective Tissue

Location

deep to all epithelial tissue

surrounding organs

Functions

wrap/cushion organs

Location

hypodermis

within the abdomen

in breast

Functions

insulation

protection

energy storage

cushion

Location

liver

lymph nodes

bone marrow

spleen

Function

support via a "soft tissue skeleton"

Location

tendons

ligaments

Functions

strong attachment of two body parts in one direction

Location

dermis

fibrous capsules of joints

Functions

strong attachment of body parts in different directions

Location

intervertebral discs

vocal cords

wall of aorta

Function

stretch without deforming

Location

ends of long bones

embryonic skeleton

nose

trachea

costal cartilage

Functions

support

cushion

Location

intervertebral discs

pubic symphysis

Functions

flexible support

cushion

Location

skeleton

Functions

protection

support

blood information

mineral storage

Location

cardiovascular system

(heart, arteries, veins, capillaries)

Functions

transport

thermoregulation

immunity

Location

attached to skeleton and facial tissue

Functions

voluntary movement

thermoregulation

involuntary shivering

Location

heart

Functions

pump blood

Location

walls of hollow organs

(stomach, intestines, etc.)

large arteries

Functions

propel substances through body

Location

brain

spinal cord

nerves

Functions

sense stimuli

control effectors

Location:

endothelium

alveoli

serous membranes

capillaries

kidney glomeruli

Functions:

filtration

diffusion

secretion

Location

kidney tubules

ovary surface

ducts and secretory portions of glands

Functions

secretion, absorption

Location

GI tract (from stomach to rectum)

uterine tubes

small bronchi

Functions

secretion

absorption

Location

trachea

Functions

secrete and propel mucus

Locations

epidermis

mouth

esophagus

vagina

anal canal

Transitional Epithelial Tissue

Location

ureters

urinary bladder

Functions

distension

stretching

Loose Areolar Connective Tissue

Location

deep to all epithelial tissue

surrounding organs

Functions

wrap/cushion organs

Location

hypodermis

within the abdomen

in breast

Functions

insulation

protection

energy storage

cushion

Location

liver

lymph nodes

bone marrow

spleen

Function

support via a "soft tissue skeleton"

Location

tendons

ligaments

Functions

strong attachment of two body parts in one direction

Location

dermis

fibrous capsules of joints

Functions

strong attachment of body parts in different directions

Location

intervertebral discs

vocal cords

wall of aorta

Function

stretch without deforming

Location

ends of long bones

embryonic skeleton

nose

trachea

costal cartilage

Functions

support

cushion

Location

intervertebral discs

pubic symphysis

Functions

flexible support

cushion

Location

skeleton

Functions

protection

support

blood information

mineral storage

Location

cardiovascular system

(heart, arteries, veins, capillaries)

Functions

transport

thermoregulation

immunity

Location

attached to skeleton and facial tissue

Functions

voluntary movement

thermoregulation

involuntary shivering

Location

heart

Functions

pump blood

Location

walls of hollow organs

(stomach, intestines, etc.)

large arteries

Functions

propel substances through body

Location

brain

spinal cord

nerves

Functions

sense stimuli

control effectors

The Organelles of a Representative Cell

 Nonmembranous Organelles

1. Cytoskeleton - microtubule, microfilament

2. Microvilli

3. Centrosome - centriole, microtubule

4. Cilia

5. Ribosomes

6. Proteasomes

The Organelles of a Representative Cell

Membranous Organelles

1. Edoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Rough ER (RER), Smooth ER (SER)

2. Golgi apparatus

3. Lysosomes

4. Peroxisomes

5. Mitochondria

nonmembranous organelles

 microtublule

microfilament 

Composition 

Proteins organixed in fine filaments or slender tubes

Functions

Strength and support; movement of cellular structures and materials

Composition

Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steroids, proteins and carbohydrates

Functions

Isolation; protection; sensitivity; support; controls entry and exit of materials

Composition

Fluid component of cytoplasm

Functions

Distributes materials by diffusion

nonmembranous organelle 

Composition

Membrane extensions containing microfilaments

Functions

Increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials

Centrosome

nonmembranous organelle

centriole

microtubule

Composition

Cytoplasm containing two centrioles at right angles; each centrioles at right anbles; each centriole is composed of 9 microtubule

 triplets in a 9 + 0 array

Functions

Essential for movement of chromosome

 during cell division; organization of

microtubules in cytoskeleton

nonmembranous organelle

Composition

Membrane estensions containing microtubule doublets in a 9 + 2 array

Functions

Movement of materials over cell surface (mucus)

nonmembranous organelle

Composition

RNA + proteins; fixed ribosomes bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes

scattered in cytoplasm

Function

protein synthesis

nonmembranous organelle

Composition

Hollow cylinders of proteolytic enzymes with regulatory proteins at ends

Functions

Breakdown and recycling of damaged or abnormal intracellular proteins

membranous organelle

Composition

Network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm

Functions

Synthesis of secretory products; intracellular storage and transport

Rough ER (RER)

membranous organelle

Composition

Has ribosomes bound to membranes

Function

Modification and packaging of

newly synthesized proteins

Smooth ER (SER)

membranous organelle

Composition

Lacks attached ribosomes

Function

Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis

membranous organelle

Composition

Stacks of flattened membranes (cisternae)

containing chambers

Functions

Storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomeal enzymes

membranous organelle

 Composition

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

Functions

Inracellular removal of damaged

organelles or pathogens

membranous organelles

Composition

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

Functions

Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds; neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process

membranous organelle

Composition

Double membrane, with inner membrane folds (cristae) enclosing important metabolic enxymes

Function

Produce 95% of ATP required by the cell

surrounded by a nuclear envelope

Composition 

Nucleoplasm containing nucleotides, enzymes, mucheoproteins, and chromatin; surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)

Functions

Control of metabolism; storage and processing of genetic information; control of protein synthesis

Composition

Dense region in nucleoplasm containing DNA and RNA

Function

Site of rRNA synthesis and assembly

of ribosomal subunits

Describe the events that occur in each stage of the cell cycle.

  During interphase, a cell conducts its normal metabolic activities and prepares itself for cell division. This portion of the cycle consists of three major divisions.

  1. During the G_¹ phase (G=growth), the cell conducts its regular cellular activities.  The cell prepares for DNA replication and cell division by beginning to replicate its centrioles and cell organelles.  The duration of G_¹ is quite variable and its length determines the timing of the entire cell cycle.

  2. During the S phase (S=synthesis), the DNA replicates itself.  This process must occur if the two new cells are to receive identical copies of the genetic material. The S phase typically last from 6 to 8 hours.

  3. During the G_² phase, enxymes and other proteins that are needed for cell divisions are produced.  Centriole replication, which began during G_¹, is completed. This phase usually last 2 to 5 hours.

At the conclusion of interphase, the cell enters the mitotic (M) phase.  In multicellular organisms, such as humans, mitosis provides growth, wound healing, and remodeling. Mitosis takes 1 to 3 hours to complete and is subdivided into four major phases. These phases are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.