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Anatomy Pharynx
KYCOM Block 3
86
Anatomy
Graduate
10/29/2012

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Term
what is the common chamber of the digestive and respiratory system
Definition
pharynx
Term
what does the pharynx extend to and from
Definition
base of skull to inferior border of the cricoid cartilage and the lower body of C6
Term
what does the pharynx become continous with
Definition
esophagus
Term
describe the three walls of the pharynx in general
Definition
lateral and posterior are complete, anterior is incomplete
Term
what does the anterior pharynx communicate with
Definition
nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx
Term
what are the pards of the pharynx
Definition
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Term
what is another name for the laryngopharynx
Definition
hypopharyngx
Term
what function does the nasopharynx play
Definition
resporatory
Term
what are the borders of the nasopharynx
Definition
base of skull to soft palate
Term
what does the nasopharynx communicate with, with what?
Definition
nasal cavity via choanae or posterior nasal aperatures
Term
what is in the nasopharynx
Definition
pharyngeal tonsil, pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube, salpingopharyngeal fold, torus levatorius, tubal tonsil
Term
where is the pharyngeal tonsil located
Definition
roof of nasopharynx
Term
where is the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube located
Definition
lateral wall of nasopharynx
Term
what is the torus tubarius
Definition
the medial end of cartilage of the auditory tube that elevates mucosa of nasopharynx
Term
were does the salpingopharyngeal fold extend from
Definition
downward from the posterior limb of torus tubaris
Term
where does the salpingopharyngeal fold end
Definition
pharyngeal wall
Term
what does the salpingopharyngeal fold cover
Definition
salpingopharyngeus muscle
Term
where is the torus levatorius located
Definition
inferior to pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube
Term
what causes the torus levatorius
Definition
levator veli palatini
Term
where is the tubal tonsil
Definition
around pharyngeal opening of the autidoty tube
Term
what does the oropharynx extend to and from
Definition
soft palate to superior border of epiglottis
Term
what communicates with the oropharynx, through what
Definition
oral cavity through oropharyngeal isthmus
Term
where is the palatine tonsil located
Definition
lateral between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches in tonsillar fossa
Term
what do the glossoepiglottic folds connect
Definition
anterior surface of the epiglottis to the root of the tounge
Term
how many glossoepiglottic folds are there
Definition
3 (1 medial and 2 lateral)
Term
what and where are the apitlottic valleculae
Definition
2 depressions between epiglottis and root of tounge on either side of the medial glossoepiglotic folds
Term
what is another name for the pharyngeal lymphoid ring
Definition
waldeyer's ring
Term
where is the pharyngeal lymphoid ring loacted
Definition
enterance to pharynx from nasal and oral cavities
Term
what are the parts of waldeyer's ring
Definition
pharyngeal, tubal, lingual, and palatine tonsils
Term
what does the laryngopharynx extend to and from
Definition
from superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage where pharynx becomes continous with esophagus
Term
where is the laryngopharynx located by
Definition
posterior to laryngeal inlet and posterior wall of larynx
Term
where is the piriform fossa located
Definition
depression located inferolateral to laryngeal inlet and medial to lamina of thyroid cartilage
Term
what does the pririform fossa have in it, where
Definition
internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal vessels, under mucosa
Term
what are the layers of the pharyngeal wall
Definition
mucosa, submucosa, muscular coat, buccopharyngeal fascia
Term
where is the pharyngobasilar fascia
Definition
`in the upper part of the larynx
Term
what is unique about the submucosa of the pharyngobasilar fascia
Definition
it is fibrous like the rest of it but is especially strong here
Term
what does the submucosa of the pharynx attach to
Definition
base of skull
Term
what surface of the pharynx does the buccopharyngeal fascia cover, what is it continous with
Definition
external surface, fascia covering external surface of buccinator and with visceral part of pretracheal layer of deep cervical fasci
Term
what is the pharyng seperated from the vertebral column and anterior vertebral muscles by
Definition
fasica and loose CT of retropharyngeal space
Term
what is the function of the retropharyngeal space
Definition
allow elevation and depression of pharynx during swallowing
Term
what are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx
Definition
superior middle and inferior
Term
what is the external muscular layer of the pharynx
Definition
constrictor muscles
Term
how are the constrictor muscles arranged
Definition
like a stack of glasses, superior is partially over middle, middle is slightly over inferior
Term
what are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
Definition
stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingpharyngeus
Term
what is the origin of the superior constrictor
Definition
lower part of posterior border of the medial pterygoid plate, pterygoig hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, posterior part of mylohyoid line, lateral aspect of root of tounge
Term
what is the insertion of the superior constrictor
Definition
pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle of occipital bone on top
Term
what part of the superior constructor reaches the base of the skull, why
Definition
only in posterior midline, there is a non muscular area between superior constrictor and base of skull which pharyngeal wall is composed of largley pharyngobasilar fascia
Term
what is the origin of the middle constrictor
Definition
greater horn and lesser horn of hyoid and stylohyoid ligament
Term
what is the insertion of the middle constrictor
Definition
pharyngeal raphe
Term
in what way do the fibers of the middle constrictor rin
Definition
posterior and medial
Term
what is the origin of the inferior constrictor
Definition
oblique line of thyroid cartilage, lateral aspect of cricoid cartilage, tendinous arch between thyroid and cricoid cartilages
Term
what is the insertion of the inferior constrictor
Definition
pharyngeal raphe
Term
what is the direction of the fibers of the inferior constrictor
Definition
posterior and medial
Term
what are the lower fibers of the inferior constrictor called
Definition
cricopharyngeus muscle
Term
where does the cricopharyngeus muscle originate
Definition
cricoid cartilage
Term
what is the function of the cricopharyngeus muscle
Definition
sphinctor at enterance of esophagus preventing air from entering digestive tract
Term
what is the origin of the stylopharyngeus muscle
Definition
styloid process
Term
what is the insertion of the stylopharyngeus muscle
Definition
pharyngeal wall passing between superior and middle constrictors to posterior border of thyroig cartilage, and palatopharyngeus in pharyngeal wall
Term
what is the origin of the salpingopharyngeus
Definition
cartilage of autitory tube neat tubes pharyngeal opening
Term
what is the insertion of the salpingopharyngeus
Definition
fibers descend and bend with thos of palatopharyngeus
Term
how do structures leave and enter pharynx
Definition
gap between constrictor muscles
Term
what passes through superior constrictor and base of skull
Definition
pharyngotympanic tube, levator veli palatini, ascending palatine a
Term
what passes between superior and middle constrictors
Definition
stylopharyngeus m, glossopharyngeal n
Term
what passes through middle and inferior constrictors
Definition
inernal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal a and v
Term
what passes inferior to the inferior constrictor
Definition
recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal a and v
Term
what forms the pharyngeal plexus
Definition
branches of glossopharyngeal n, vagus n, superior sympathetic ganglion
Term
what are the fiber types and from what in the pharyngeal plexus
Definition
glossopharyngeal sensory, vagal motor, sympathetic vasomotor
Term
what supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the pharynx
Definition
vagus except for stylopharyngeus muscle
Term
what innervates the stylopharyngeus m
Definition
glossopharyngeal n
Term
what do the inferior constrictors recieve innervation from
Definition
mostly vagus, some external laryngeal
Term
what is the main sorce of sensory supply to the pharyngeal mucosa
Definition
glossopharyngeal
Term
what does the maxally nerve supply in the pharynx, via what
Definition
mucosa of upper nasopharynx via pharyngeal branch of pterygopalatine ganglion), upper tonsillar fossa and palatine fossa (via lesser palatine granch of pterygopalatine ganglion
Term
what supplies the mucosa around laryngeal inlet
Definition
vagus
Term
what arteries supply the pharynx
Definition
ascending pharyngeal. ascending palatine and tonsillar, decending palatine and pharyngeal, dorsal lungual branches, superior thyroid
Term
what are the decending palatine and pharyngeal branches of
Definition
maxillary a
Term
what are the ascending palatine and tonsillar branches of
Definition
facial a
Term
what are the dorsal lingual branches of
Definition
lingual
Term
what veins drain the pharynx
Definition
plexus drains into pterygoid venous plexus and facial vein and internal jugular
Term
what are the involuntary stages of deglutition
Definition
2-4
Term
what are the voluntary stages of deglutition
Definition
1
Term
what occurs in phase 1 of deglutition
Definition
bolus is pressed between dorsum of tounge and hard palate, tounge pushes bolus posterior into oropharynx
Term
what occurs in phase 2 of deglutition
Definition
soft palate elevates sealing oropharynx from nasopharynx, stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and suprahyoid muscles elevate pharynx and larynx and recieve bolus, laryngeal inlet is closed
Term
what prevents food from getting into nasal cavity
Definition
soft palate elevates to seal oropharynx from nasopharynx
Term
what prevents food from getting into the larynx
Definition
laryngeal inlet closes
Term
what occurs in phase 3 of deglitition
Definition
constrictor muscles contract sequentially from superior to inferior to push bolus into esophagus
Term
what occurs in phase 4 of deglutition
Definition
bolus enters esophagus and is propelled down by peristaltic action
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