Term
| what are the functions of the pelvis |
|
Definition
| transmit weight of body from vertebral column to lower limbs, support protect pelvic viscera, attachment for lower limb and trunk muscles |
|
|
Term
| what are the components of the pelvis |
|
Definition
| two hip bones, sacrum, coccyx |
|
|
Term
| what do the hip bones articulate with |
|
Definition
| eachother anteriorly at publc symphysis, posteriorly with sacroiliac joint |
|
|
Term
| what do the sacrum and coccyx articulate with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the extent of the scaroiliac joint movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the sacroiliac joint |
|
Definition
| transmit weight of body from vertebral column to hop bone |
|
|
Term
| what are the articular surfaces of the sacroiliac joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in the sacroiliac joint between adults and infants |
|
Definition
| flat in infants, reciprocally irregulat in adults |
|
|
Term
| what does the reciprocally irregular configuration of the sacroiliac joint do to adult movement |
|
Definition
| restricts it and contributes to strength |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the sacroiliac joint with age |
|
Definition
| fibrous adhesions, gradual obliteration, earlier in males |
|
|
Term
| what ligaments are associated with the sacroiliac joint |
|
Definition
| interosseous sacroiliac ligament, posterior sacroiliac ligaments (short and long), anterior sacroiliac ligament, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament, iluolumbar ligament, |
|
|
Term
| what does the interosseous sacroliliac ligament connet |
|
Definition
| sacrum and ilium tuberosities |
|
|
Term
| what space does the interosseous sacroiliac ligament full |
|
Definition
| irregular space posteroir to the scaroiliac joint |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior sacroiliac ligament posterior to |
|
Definition
| interosseous sacroiliac ligament |
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior sacroiliac ligament connect |
|
Definition
| posterior sacrum intermediate and lateral sacral crests to posterior ilium |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior sacroiliac ligament formed by |
|
Definition
| thickening of anterior and inferior aspects of joint capsule |
|
|
Term
| what shpe is the sacrotuberous ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what direction does the sacrotuberous ligament run |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does teh sacrotuberous ligament connect |
|
Definition
| posterior ilium and lateral sacrum and occyx to medial argin of ischial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| what shape is the sacrospinous ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the sacrospinous ligament connect |
|
Definition
| lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx to ischial spine |
|
|
Term
| what is the sacrospinous lgiament anterior to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the iliolumbar ligament |
|
Definition
| accessory ligament of the sacroiliac joint |
|
|
Term
| what does the iliolumbar ligament connect |
|
Definition
| medial transverse process L5/4 to posterior iliac crest |
|
|
Term
| what attaches to the iliolumbar ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the accessory ligaments of the sacroiliac joint |
|
Definition
| sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the accessory ligaments of the scaroiliac joint |
|
Definition
| stabilize sacrum, prevent rotatory movement, weight of trunk rotates scarum so the upper end moves inferior and lower end moves superior |
|
|
Term
| what do the accessory ligaments of the sacroiliac joint turn into |
|
Definition
| it changes the greater and less siatic notches into greater and lesser sciatic foramina |
|
|
Term
| where is the greater sciatic foramen |
|
Definition
| opening between pelvic cavity and gluteal region |
|
|
Term
| where is the lesser sciatic foramen |
|
Definition
| opening between gulteal region of perineum |
|
|
Term
| what kind of joint is the publc symphysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what connects the pubic bones |
|
Definition
| fibrocartilaginous discs (interpubic disc) |
|
|
Term
| what is the interpubic disc reinforced by and on what side |
|
Definition
| superior publc ligament (superior) and acurate public ligament (inferior) |
|
|
Term
| what kind of jount is the sacrococcygeal joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the sacrococcygeal joint |
|
Definition
| apex of sacrum and base of coccyx |
|
|
Term
| what is the sacrococcygeal joint reingorced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when in anatomical position what two markers should be in the same plane |
|
Definition
| ASIS and pubic tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| what direction does the posterior surface of the pubic symphysis face |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what direction does the anterior surface of the sacrum face |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what divides the two parts of the pelvis |
|
Definition
| pelvic brim (linea terminalis) |
|
|
Term
| what are the components of the pelvic brim posterior to anterior |
|
Definition
| sacral promontoryy, anterior border of ala of sacrum, acurate line, pectineal line, pubic crest, superior border of pubic symphysis |
|
|
Term
| what are the two aperatures of the lesser (true) pelvis |
|
Definition
| pelvic inlet (superior pelvic aperature, pelvic outlet (inferior pelvic aperature) |
|
|
Term
| what is the pelvic cavity |
|
Definition
| space between pelvic inlet and pelvic putlet |
|
|
Term
| what binds the pelvic inlet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the shape of the pelvic outlet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the boundries of the pelvic ooutlet |
|
Definition
| anterior publc symphysis, posterior coccyx, lateral ischeral tuberosities |
|
|
Term
| what is the anteriorlateral border of the pelvic outlet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes up the ischiopubic ramus |
|
Definition
| inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterolateral border of the pelvic outlet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which wall of the pelvic cavity is shorter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes up the anterior wall of the pelvic cavity |
|
Definition
| pubic symphysis and bodies of pubic bones |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity |
|
Definition
| sacrum, coccyx, piriformis muscles, sacrotuberous, sacrospinous ligaments |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity |
|
Definition
| hip bone inferior to pelbic brim, obturaror membrane, obturator internus muscle |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the inferior wall of the pelvic diaphragm |
|
Definition
| (pelvic floor) formed by levator ani and coccygeus muscles |
|
|
Term
| which direction is the pelvic diaphragm orientated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the pelvic diaphragm divide |
|
Definition
| pelvis into pelvic cavity (superior) and perineum (inferior) |
|
|
Term
| where is the urogenital hiatus |
|
Definition
| anterior on pelvic diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what passes through the urogenital hiatus |
|
Definition
| urethra or urethra and vagina |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the levator ani |
|
Definition
| posterior body of pubis, tendinous arch of levator ani, ischial spine |
|
|
Term
| what is the tendinous arch of the levator ani composed of |
|
Definition
| thickening of the obturator internus fascia |
|
|
Term
| which way do the fibers of the levator ani run |
|
Definition
| posterior, inferior, medial |
|
|
Term
| where is the insertion of the levator ani |
|
Definition
| perineal body, prostate or vagina, rectum and anal canal, anococcygeal ligament, coccyx |
|
|
Term
| what are the three parts of the levator ani |
|
Definition
| puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the levator ani |
|
Definition
| ventral rami of S2-S4 via direct muscular branches and the pudendal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the shape of the coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the coccygeus anterior to |
|
Definition
| sacrospinous ligament, it partially blends with it |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the coccygeus |
|
Definition
| ischial spine to lateral margin of lower sacrum and coccyx |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the coccygeus |
|
Definition
| direct muscular branches of the ventral rami of S3-S4 |
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm |
|
Definition
| support and maintain pelvic viscera prevent it from prolapse, contract with abdominal muscles to increase pressure, spinchteric action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viscera sliding out from pelvic cavity |
|
|
Term
| what is the pelvic cavity the space between |
|
Definition
| pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet |
|
|
Term
| which way does the sacrum want to move |
|
Definition
| inferior tip of saccrum wants to rotate posterior |
|
|
Term
| what prevents the sacrum from rotating |
|
Definition
| sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament |
|
|
Term
| what is the space above the pelvic brim called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the space below the pelvic brim called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the lesser pelvis enclose |
|
Definition
| pelvic cavity and perinerum |
|
|
Term
| what does the greater pelvis form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what muscle makes up the pelvic diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is inside the ischial tuberosity |
|
Definition
| obterator membrane and muscle |
|
|
Term
| does the coccygous help hold the pelvic diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do the urethra and vagina share a hiatus in the pelvic diaphragm |
|
Definition
| no, they are next to eachother but seperate |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between pubolactalis and the rectum |
|
Definition
| it forms a sling around it making a spinctor |
|
|
Term
| where is the pyraformis located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe male vs female (in that order) structure of the pelvis: general structure |
|
Definition
| thick and heavy, thin and light |
|
|
Term
| describe male vs female (in that order) structure of the pelvis: greater pelvis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe male vs female (in that order) structure of the pelvis: lesser pelvis |
|
Definition
| narrow and deep, wide and shallow |
|
|
Term
| describe male vs female (in that order) structure of the pelvis: pelvic inlet |
|
Definition
| heart shaped, oval and round |
|
|
Term
| describe male vs female (in that order) structure of the pelvis: pelvic outlet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe male vs female (in that order) structure of the pelvis: pubic arch and subpubic angle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe male vs female (in that order) structure of the pelvis: obturator foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe male vs female (in that order) structure of the pelvis: acetabulum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the ovarian artery originate |
|
Definition
| paired visceral branch of abdominal aorta |
|
|
Term
| what does the ovarian artery run along |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the superior rectal artery originate |
|
Definition
| terminal branch o the mesenteric a |
|
|
Term
| what does the superior rectal artery supply |
|
Definition
| rectum and upper anal canal |
|
|
Term
| where does the median sacral artery originate |
|
Definition
| unpaired parietal branch of abdominal aorta |
|
|
Term
| where does the internal iliac artery originate |
|
Definition
| terminal branch of common iliac a |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the internal iliac artery |
|
Definition
| descends into pelvis to upper margin of the greater sciatic foramen where ir branches |
|
|
Term
| what does the internal iliac artery branch into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the internal iliac artery supply |
|
Definition
| pelvic viscera and walls, perineum, proximal parts of lower limbs |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the anterior internal iliac artery |
|
Definition
| umbulucal, obturator, inferior vesical, middle rectal, internal pudenal, inferior gluteal, uterine, vaginal |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the posterior internal iliac artery |
|
Definition
| superior gluteal, iliolumbar, lateral sacral |
|
|
Term
| what does the umbilical artery branch into |
|
Definition
| proxially the superior vesical srtery, distal the obliteraed umbilical artery (umbilical ligament) |
|
|
Term
| what does the superior vesical artery supply |
|
Definition
| upper bladder, lower ureter |
|
|
Term
| where does the obturator artery run |
|
Definition
| on lateral pelvic wall with obturator vein and nerve towards the upper obrurator foramen, leaves via obturator canal and enters again medial compartment of thigh |
|
|
Term
| where does the obturator occasionally originate from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in which gender is the inferior vesical artery in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what artery is the female version of the inferior vesical artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior vesical artery supply |
|
Definition
| lower bladder, prostate, and smeinal vesicles |
|
|
Term
| how does the middle rectal artery originate |
|
Definition
| usually by a common trunk with inferior vesical artery |
|
|
Term
| what does the middle rectal artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the middle rectal artery end |
|
Definition
| anastomose with superior and inferior rectal arteries |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the internal pudendal artery |
|
Definition
| leaves pelvic cavity and enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen, curves around ischial spine, enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen, |
|
|
Term
| what is the greater sciatic foramen inferior to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the main artery of the perineum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the inferior gluteal artery |
|
Definition
| descends anterior to sacral plexus and piriformis and posterior to internal pudendal artery, passes between ventral rami of S1/S2 or S2/S3, enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis muscle |
|
|
Term
| describe the math of the uterine artery |
|
Definition
| runs medially towards uterus, crosses ureter superiorly, ascends along lateral margin of uterus, turns laterally and follows uterine tube towards ovary, |
|
|
Term
| how does the uterine artery end |
|
Definition
| anastamose with ovarian a |
|
|
Term
| what does the uterine artery supply |
|
Definition
| uterus, uterine tube, upper vagina |
|
|
Term
| where does the vaginal artery originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the vaginal artery supply |
|
Definition
| vagina, adjacent parts of bladder and rectum |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest branch of the internal iliac |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the continuation of the posterior trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the superior gluteal artery |
|
Definition
| passes between lumbosacral trunk and ventra rami of S1 or between S1/S2, leaves pelvis and enters gluteal region via sciatic foramen superior to piriformis muscle |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the iliolumbar artery |
|
Definition
| ascends towards psoas pahow, anterior to lumbosacral trunk, then divides |
|
|
Term
| what does the iliolumbar divide into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the iliac branch of the iliolumbar artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the lumbar branch of the iliolumbar supply |
|
Definition
| psoas major and quadratus lumborum and vertebral column |
|
|
Term
| how many lateral sacral arteries are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the lateral sacral arteries supply |
|
Definition
| sacral vertebra and contents of sacral canal |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the lateral sacral artery branches |
|
Definition
| through posterior sacral foramina to supply skin and muscle posterior to sacrum |
|
|
Term
| what is the internal iliac vein between |
|
Definition
| lateral pelvic wall and internal iliac artery |
|
|
Term
| what does the internal iliac vein join |
|
Definition
| common iliac vein to external iliac v |
|
|
Term
| what dumps into the internal iliac vein |
|
Definition
| all the internal iliac a correspondents except umbilical vein |
|
|
Term
| what is the intervertebral venous plexus |
|
Definition
| comminication of beins passing through the anterior sacral foramina, intrnal iliac vein tributaries |
|
|
Term
| why are the internvertebral venous plexus dangerous |
|
Definition
| malignant cells from the pelvi tumors (prostate) may pass through these beins and lodge in vertebral column |
|
|
Term
| where is there a protal systemic anastomoses in the internal iliac vein |
|
Definition
| wall of rectum and anal canal |
|
|
Term
| what is the sacral plexus formed by |
|
Definition
| lumbosacral trunk: ventral remi of L5, some of L4 and S1-S4 |
|
|
Term
| what does the sacral plexus divide into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nervous system is the sacral plexus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the sacral plexus supply |
|
Definition
| mesucles and part of skin of gluteal region, muscles and skin of posterior thigh, muscles and skin of entire leg and foot except skin on medial aspect of leg and foot, muscles of skin of perineum |
|
|
Term
| what is the sacral sympathetic trunk a continuation of |
|
Definition
| inferior continuation of the lumbar sympathetic trunk |
|
|
Term
| where does the sacral sympathetic trunk run along |
|
Definition
| anterior sacrum medial to anterior sacral foramina, right and left trunks my join at tip of occyx in a single ganglion |
|
|
Term
| what is the ganglion at the bottoom of the sacral sympathetic trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many ganglia are in the sacral sympathetic trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the sacral sympathetic trunk, where do they go |
|
Definition
| gray comminucating rami go to all spinal nerves, visceral sacral splanchnic nerve branches join inferior hypogastric plexus |
|
|
Term
| what do gray communicating rami of the sacral sympathetic trunk contain |
|
Definition
| postganglionic smpathetic fibers |
|
|
Term
| what do the sacral splanchnic nerves contain |
|
Definition
| preganglionic sympathetic and visceral sensory fibers |
|
|
Term
| what is the main autonomic plexus of the pelvis |
|
Definition
| inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus |
|
|
Term
| what type of innervation does the inferior pelvic plexus provide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bring autonomic fibers to the rectum and ovary, without using the hypogastric plexus |
|
Definition
| superior rectal and ovarian plexuses |
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior hypogastric plexus formed by |
|
Definition
| union of hypogastric and pelvic splanchnic nerves and some sacral splanchnic nerves |
|
|
Term
| what is the superior hypogastric plexus a direct extension of |
|
Definition
| aortic plexus below aortic bifurcation |
|
|
Term
| how does the inferior hypogastric plexus end, where |
|
Definition
| divides into right and left hypogastric nerves at sacral promontory |
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers does the superior hypogastric plexus and hypogastric nerves contain |
|
Definition
| preganglionic, post ganglionic sympathetic, small ganglia, visceral sensory, no or few parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| what is the pelvic sympathetic outflow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the pelvic sympathetic outflow originate |
|
Definition
| ventral rami of S1-S4 join inferior hypogastric plexus |
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers does the pelvic outflow contain |
|
Definition
| preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and visceral sensory |
|
|
Term
| where do the preganglionic fibers of the pelvic outflow synapse |
|
Definition
| in ganglia within the inferior hypogastric plexus or in the walls or organs they innervate |
|
|
Term
| where is the inferior hyopgastric plexus located |
|
Definition
| against lateral pelvic wall, medial to branches of internal iliac vessels and lateral to pelvic viscera |
|
|
Term
| what are the subsitiary plexuses of the inferior hypogastric plexus |
|
Definition
| middle rectal, uterovaginal, vesical |
|
|
