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Anatomy Pelvic Cavity
KYCOM Block 2
177
Anatomy
Graduate
09/24/2012

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Term
what two boundries segregate the pelvic cavity
Definition
pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet
Term
what divides the pelvic cavity into two
Definition
pelvic diaphragm
Term
what are the two divisions of the pelvic cavity
Definition
main pelvic cavity and perinerium
Term
what is the true pelvis
Definition
another name for the pelvic cavity
Term
what are the contents of the pelvic cavity, in general
Definition
intestines, urinary, reproductive, blood, nerves, lymph
Term
describe the origin of the pelvic organs in relation to the perineum, how does this affect the location of the perinerum around them
Definition
the form upwards so it drapes over the organs
Term
why does the perineum draping over the organs cause peoblems sometimes
Definition
fluid can build up leading to blood or puss build up, pelvic disease
Term
in general, how is the sigmoud colon in the pelvic cavity, wasn't it in the abdominal??
Definition
its loop hangs down into it
Term
what vertebra marks the transition from the sigmoid colon to the rectum
Definition
S3
Term
is the sigmoid colon mobile? does it having any binding?
Definition
yes, but it does have the sigmoid mesocolon
Term
what is anterior to the sigmoid colon in males
Definition
bladder
Term
what is anterior to the sigmoid colon in females
Definition
posterior uterus, upper vagina
Term
what is posterior to the sigmoid colon
Definition
rectum, saccrum, lower ileum
Term
what arteries supply the sigmoid colon
Definition
sigmoid branches of the inferior mesenteric
Term
what veins supply the sigmoid colon, where do they drain into
Definition
inferior mesenteric vein drains into portal system
Term
where is the sigmoid colon lymph located, where does it drain to
Definition
it is in nodes along the arteries and drains into the inferior mesenteric veins
Term
what nerves supply the sigmoid colon, what kind of innervation
Definition
the hypogastic plexus provides parasympathetic and sympathetic
Term
what is posterior to the rectum
Definition
coccyx
Term
where is the begining of the rectum? how did it get into the pelvic cavity?
Definition
it states at S3 and pierces the pelvic diaphragm
Term
when the rectum ends, what does it turn into
Definition
anal canal
Term
what is the rectal ampulla
Definition
the lower part of the rectum that is dilated
Term
describe the perineum covering of the rectum
Definition
first 1/3: anterior and lateral covered
second 1/3: anterior covered
last 1/3: has none
Term
how is the muscular coat of the rectum arranged
Definition
outer: longitudinal
inner: circular layers
Term
what are the transverse folds of the rectum
Definition
musous membrane and the circular muscle layers form two or three semicircular permanent folds
Term
what is posterior to the rectum
Definition
sacrum, coccyx, piriformis muscle, coccygeus, levator ani, sacral plexus, sympathetic trunk
Term
what is anterior to the rectum in males
Definition
sigmid colon, lower lieum, posterior bladder
Term
what is anterior to the rectum in females
Definition
sigmoid colon, lower ileum, lower 1/2 of the posterior vagina
Term
what is the retrouterine pouch between
Definition
uterus and rectum
Term
what is another name for the rectouterine pouch
Definition
pouch of douglas
Term
what arteries supply the rectum (also, where do they come from)
Definition
superior rectal (inferior mesenteric), middle rectal (internal iliac), inferior rectal 9internal pudenal)
Term
what veins drain the rectum (also, where do they drain to)
Definition
superior rectal (inferior mesenteric), middle rectal (internal iliac), inferior rectal (internal pudenal)
Term
what is in the posterior pelvis
Definition
same in both sexes, rectum, sigmoid colon, ileum
Term
what is in the anterior pelvis
Definition
bladder, ureter, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate, ovaries, uterus, uterine tube, vagina
Term
what is anterior to the bladder
Definition
pubic bone
Term
what shape is the bladder when empty
Definition
pyramid
Term
what is the apex of the bladder connected to
Definition
umbilicus via median umbilical ligament (urachus remnent)
Term
in what way is the base of the bladder oriented
Definition
posterior
Term
what are the surfaces of the bladder
Definition
posterior, superior, 1 infra lateral (sides)
Term
what surface is the neck of the bladder located on
Definition
inferior
Term
what is the neck of the bladder on in males
Definition
it is on the prostate
Term
what is the neck of the bladder held up by in makes
Definition
puboprostatic ligemant
Term
what is the neck of the bladder held by up in females
Definition
pubovesical ligament
Term
what are the ligaments that hold up the neck of the bladder, what are they made of
Definition
puboprostatic ligemant, pubovesical ligament. made of thickened pelvic fascia
Term
what lines the inside of the bladder
Definition
folds of mucus membrane everywhere but the base which is smooth
Term
what is another name for the base of the bladder
Definition
trigone
Term
what enters the superior points of the trigone
Definition
ureters
Term
what enters the inferior point of the trigone
Definition
urethea
Term
describe the coverings of the bladder
Definition
muscular coat of smooth detrusor muscle in 3 layers of interlacing bundles
Term
what is the spinchter vesicae
Definition
thickening of the detrusor muscle of the bladder
Term
describe the path of the ureter to the bladder
Definition
cross the bifurcation of the common iliac, enters laterally
Term
what does the ureter cross in males, on what side
Definition
under vas deferens
Term
what does the ureter cross in females, on what side, describe the path of how it got there
Definition
behind ovary to ischial spine, turns forward and goes beneath the broad ligament and goes under the unterine artery, enters the bladder laterally
Term
what is a complication of overfilling the bladder
Definition
pulls the perinerium that lines the top of it from the body wall
Term
what arteries supply the bladder, where did it come from
Definition
superior and inferior vesical, came from internal iliac
Term
what veins drain the bladder, where do they drain to
Definition
the vesical venous plexus drains to the internal iliac
Term
where does the lymph from the bladder drain to
Definition
internal and external iliac nodes
Term
what types of innervation does the bladder recieve
Definition
sympathetic and parasympathetic
Term
where does the sympathetic stimulation for the bladder come from, where is the ganglia located
Definition
splanchnic nerves from the 1-2 lumbar ganglia send postganglionic fibers to the bladder
Term
where does the parasympathetic stimulation for the bladder come from, where is the ganglia located
Definition
S2-4 sacral nerves send preganglionic fibers to the bladder that go to the interanural genglia in the bladder and give off postganglonic fibers
Term
what type of pain can the bladder relay
Definition
visceral pain, distension
Term
what is sympathetic stimulation important in the bladder
Definition
spinctor vesicle constricts to stop the flow of semen into the bladder in ejaculation
Term
what do all the nerves of the bladder pass through
Definition
the inferior hypogastric plexus
Term
explain the steps of micturition
Definition
1. stretch receptors in the bladder are stimulated (~300mL)
2. impulses transmitted to CNS give concous desire to mictrate? (i made that up)
3. efferent parasympathetics cause smooth muscle of the bladder to contract and spinchter vesicae to relax and pass to urethral spincter via the pudendal nerve causing relaxation
4. voluntary control develops at 2/3 yrs
Term
what is the vas deferens made of
Definition
muscle
Term
where does the vas deferens from from and to
Definition
spididymis tail through inguinal canal to the urethra
Term
in what order does the vas deferens go through the inguinal ring
Definition
superifical to deep
Term
describe the path of the vas deferens
Definition
deep inguinal ring > lateral to inferior epigastric artery > down and back on lateral wall of pelvis > crosses ureter by ischial spine > runs medially down on the posterior surface of the bladder > dilates > joins seminal vesicle > is not ejaculatory duct
Term
what is the dilated part of the vas deferens inferior to what is it called
Definition
the ampulla is inferior to the bladder
Term
what is anterior to the seminal vesicles
Definition
the bladder
Term
what do the seminal vesicles make
Definition
seminal fluid
Term
describe the location of the seminal vesicle in relation to the vas deferens
Definition
the vas deferens is on the medial side of each vesicle
Term
what happens right before the seminal vesicle joins the vas deferens
Definition
it narrows
Term
how does the seminal vesicle end
Definition
it joins the vas deferns make the ejaculatory duct
Term
where does the ejaculatory duct join the urethra
Definition
prostatic urethra close to the prostatic urticle
Term
what travels from the seminal vesicles to the urethra
Definition
seminal fluid
Term
what arteries supply the seminal vesicles
Definition
inferior vesicle, middle rectal
Term
what veins drain the seminal vesicles
Definition
internal iliac
Term
where does seminal vesicle lymph go to
Definition
internal iliac nodes
Term
what is the purpose of the postrate
Definition
makes seminal fluid
Term
what is the prostate between
Definition
bladder neck and urogenital diaphragm
Term
what is the prostate made of
Definition
glands embedded in smooth muscle and connective tissue
Term
where do the glands of the prostate lead to
Definition
prosthetic urethra
Term
what are the lobes of the prostate
Definition
median, anterior, posterior, r lateral, l lateral
Term
what arteries supply the prostate
Definition
inferior and middle rectal
Term
what veins drain the prostate
Definition
prostatic venous plexus
Term
where is the prostatic venous plexus located
Definition
outside the prostate capsule
Term
what covers the prostate
Definition
a fibrous capsule
Term
what veins does the prostatic venous plexus recieve
Definition
dorsal vein of penis and other
Term
what does the prostatic venous plexus drain into
Definition
internal iliac vein
Term
where does the prostate lymph drain to
Definition
internal iliac lymph nodes
Term
where do the nerves of the prostate come from
Definition
inferior hypogastric plexus
Term
what does sympathetic stimulation do to the prostate
Definition
controls smooth muscle during ejaculation
Term
what do the ovaries produce
Definition
ova and hormones
Term
what are the parts of the broad ligament
Definition
suspensitory ligament and mesovarium
Term
what does the suspensiroty ligament connect
Definition
mesovarium to lateral pelvic wall
Term
what does the mesovarium connect
Definition
ovary to suspensitory ligament
Term
what does the suspensitory ligament contain
Definition
ovarian bessels
Term
what is the thunica abalguina
Definition
thin fibrous capsule of the ovaries
Term
what is the germinal epithelium
Definition
capsule that covers the tunica albalguia of the ovaries
Term
where is the common site for ovarian cancer
Definition
germinal epithelium
Term
what happens to the ovaries due to many ovulations
Definition
scars and pits
Term
what arteries supply the ovary
Definition
ovarian artery
Term
why does the ovarian artery bein at L1
Definition
because it is where the ovary started off during development
Term
where does the right ovarian vein drain to
Definition
IVC
Term
where does the left ovarian vein drain to
Definition
l renal
Term
where does ovary lymph go
Definition
para aortic nodes at L1
Term
what nerves supply the ovary
Definition
aortic plexus
Term
what do the nerves of the ovary run along
Definition
ovarian artery
Term
what is the uterine tube in
Definition
the upper broad ligament
Term
what does the uterine tube connect
Definition
peritoneal cavity in region of ovary to the cavity of the uterus
Term
what are the parts of the uterine tube
Definition
infundibulum, ampula, isthmus, intramural,
Term
where is the infundibulum
Definition
funnel, overlays ovary has fimbrae
Term
where is the ampulla
Definition
widest part of uterine tube
Term
where is the isthmus
Definition
most narrow part of the uterine tube
Term
where is the intramural
Definition
part of uterine tube the pierces uterine wall
Term
what arteries supply the uterine tube
Definition
ovarian and uterine
Term
what veins drain the uterine tube
Definition
ovarian and uterine
Term
where does uterine tube lymph drain to
Definition
para-aortic lymph nodes and internal iliac nodes
Term
where do the nerves for the uterine tube come from, what type of innervation
Definition
from hypogastric plexus, sympathetic and parasympathetic
Term
what is the shape of the uterus
Definition
pear
Term
what are the walls of the uterus made of
Definition
muscle
Term
what is the fundus of the uterus
Definition
part above uterine tube enterance
Term
what is the body of the uterus
Definition
part below enterance of the uterine tube
Term
what is the cervix of the uterus
Definition
narrow neck
Term
what is the cervical cavity
Definition
the triangular cavity of the cervix
Term
what are the two barriers of cervical cvity communication to the uterus
Definition
internal OS, external OS
Term
what does the external OS look like in someone who has kids
Definition
transverse slit
Term
what does the external OS look like in someone who has no kids
Definition
small circular hole
Term
what is anterior to the uterus
Definition
bladder, uterovesical pouch
Term
what is the uterovesical pouch between
Definition
uterus and bladder
Term
what is posterior to the uterus
Definition
rectouterine pouch, ileum, sigmoid colon
Term
what is lateral to the uterus
Definition
broad ligament, uterine arteries and veins, uterine tubes
Term
what is the antiverted position
Definition
position of the uterus that is normal, 90 deg to vagina
Term
what is the antiflexed position
Definition
position of the uterus that is not normal, less than 90 deg to vagina
Term
what covers the uterus
Definition
broad ligament
Term
where is the uterus not covered
Definition
anterior and below bladder
Term
what is the myopetrium
Definition
muscular wall of the uterus
Term
what is the endometrium
Definition
mucus membrane of the uterus
Term
what is the parametrium
Definition
supravaginal part of the uterus with a visceral pelvic fascia
Term
what does the round ligament connect
Definition
ovary to uterus.
Term
what is the mesosalpinx
Definition
that part of the broad ligament on the uterus
Term
what are the "mini mesentaries" of the uterus
Definition
mesovarium and mesosalpinx
Term
what is the parametrium
Definition
area of uterus devoid of peritonieum
Term
what artery supplies the uterus, where does it come from
Definition
uterine a comes from internal iliac
Term
describe the path of the uterine a
Definition
in base of broad ligament above ureter, reaches cervix lateral to internal OS and branches
Term
what are the branches of the uterine artery
Definition
cervix, vaginal
Term
what do the branches of the uterine artery anastamose with
Definition
ovarine artery
Term
what vein drains the uterus, where does it drain to
Definition
uterine vein drains to internal iliac
Term
where does the lymph from the fundus of the uterus go to
Definition
accompanies ovarian vein and then to para aortic nodes at L1
Term
where does the lymph from the body and cervix of the uterus go to
Definition
internal and external iliac nodes
Term
where does the "other" lymph of the uterus go to
Definition
follows round ligament to inguinal canal then superificial inguinal nodes
Term
where do the nerves of the uterus come from, what type of innervation
Definition
hypogastric plexus, sympathetic and parasympathetic
Term
what is the perineal body
Definition
in both sexes but bigger in female, fibromuscular glob that maintains the pelvic floor
Term
how can the perineal body be damaged
Definition
child birth
Term
what happens if the perineal body is damaged
Definition
prolapse of the pelvic viscera (bascally anything in the pelvis can kinda fall out)
Term
what msucle supports the uterus
Definition
levator ani
Term
where does the levator ani attach to support the uterus
Definition
cervix and perineal body
Term
what is the levator ani composed of when it attaches to the cervix and perineal body
Definition
pelvic fascia
Term
what does the pelvic fascia do to support the uterus
Definition
keeps cervix in the right spot
Term
what are the parts of the pelvic fascia that support the uterus
Definition
transverse cervical, pubocervical, sacralcervical
Term
describe the location of the transverse cervical fascia
Definition
laterally comes to cervic and upper vagina
Term
what is another name for the transverse cervical fascia
Definition
cardinal ligament
Term
what is the transverse cervical fascia made of
Definition
fibromuscular
Term
describe the location of the pubocervical fascia
Definition
connects posterior pubis to cervix and bladder, also supports bladder
Term
what does the sacralcervical fascia connect
Definition
lower sacrum to cervic and upper vagin
Term
what is on either side of the sacralcarvical fascia
Definition
pouch of douglas
Term
describe the location of the round ligament
Definition
through deep inguinal ring, through supralateral angle, and to labia majora subcutanous tissue
Term
what happens to the round ligament during pregnacy
Definition
stretch
Term
what is the vagina made of
Definition
muscle
Term
what is the general direction of the vagina
Definition
up and back
Term
what are the walls of the vagina, where are the usually located in relation to eachother
Definition
anterior and posterior, usually apposed
Term
where does the vervix pierce the vagina
Definition
anterior wall
Term
what are the parts of the vaginal lumen
Definition
anterior, lateral, and posterior fornices
Term
in whom is the hyman located and where
Definition
virgins, at the vaginal oriface
Term
what is lateral to the vagina
Definition
upper: ureter
middle: levator ani
lower: urogenital diaphgram, bulb of vestibule
Term
what is anterior to the vagina
Definition
bladder, lower urethra
Term
what is poster to the vagina
Definition
upper 1/3: rectouterine pouch
middle 1/3: ampulla of rectum
lower 1/3: perineal body
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