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| study of the structure of the human body |
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| seen by dissection. tissues bigger than 0.1mm |
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| skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, digestive systems, etc. |
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| study of body before birth |
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| studies changes in tissues caused by disease |
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| toward the surface of the body |
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| functions of intervertebral disks |
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| absorb shock, limit friction between bones, and facilitate movement of body. |
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| contents of vertebral canal |
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| spinal cord, meninges, roots, and vessels, CSF |
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| immediate. Detects denser objects. Bones are white. |
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| used to detect hemmorage or intracranial lesions. Bones appear white. |
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| very clear. Gray mater easily distinguished from white mater because of WATER content. Works with hydrogen content in tissue which is less bound in fat. |
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| uses radioactive material. Used to assess flow of blood to brain and heart. Bad contrast, expensive, time consuming. |
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| using a contrast medium like iodine or Barium Sulfate to view softer tissue in x-ray. |
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first cervical vertebra
no spinous process and no body |
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| second cervical vertebra. distinguished by dens(odontoid process) gives the ability to rotate neck |
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| 7th and last of the cervical vertebra |
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| pass through transverse foramen of 6 upper cervical foramen |
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| support, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation |
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| intramembranous ossification |
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| bones ossified without any preexisting cartilage |
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| endochondral ossification |
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| bones develop with preexisting cartilage |
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| produced by pituitary, stimulates epiphyseal plates |
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| ensures proper proportions of bones |
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| support bone growth, induce closure of epiphyseal plates |
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| low bone mass, occurs in most women after menopause |
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| in adults, bones are inadequately mineralized |
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| in children, bowed legs, vit D and calcium phospate deficiency |
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| reduced mineralization, bone thickening |
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| defective cartilage growth and echondral ossification leading to dwarfism |
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| pass through transverse foramen of first 6 cervical vertebrae |
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| foramen where vertebral arteries pass through |
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| can cause ishemic pain due to compression of subclavian artery, pain in the ulnar side of forearm and hand, palpable mass over clavicle |
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| done in the L3 to L5 region (iliac crest region) |
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| contains intercostal nerves and vessels |
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| epidural anestetic is given through this |
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| falure of vertebral arches to form or fuse *folic acid prevents this |
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