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Anatomy OIA's
origins, insertions, and actions of the muscular system
84
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/16/2010

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Term
MASSETER
Definition
Origin: zygomatic arch

Insertion: mandibular angle and mandibular ramus

Action: elevates mandible
Term
TEMPORALIS
Definition
Origin: temporal fossa of temporal bone

Insertion: coronoid process of mandible

Action: elevates mandible, retracts mandible
Term
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
Definition
Origin: manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle

Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone

Action: flexes head, rotates head laterally
Term
ANTERIOR/MIDDLE/POSTERIOR SCALENES
Definition
Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Insertion: anterior surface of ribs 1-2

Action: elevates ribs 1-2, flexes neck, rotates neck
Term
PECTORALIS MINOR
Definition
Origin: ribs 3-5

Insertion: coracoid process of scapula

Action: depresses scapula, downwardly rotates scapula
Term
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
Definition
Origin: inferior border of ribs

Insertion: superior border of ribs

Action: elevates rib cage
Term
INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
Definition
Origin: superior border of ribs

Insertion: inferior border of ribs

Action: depresses rib cage
Term
SERRATUS ANTERIOR
Definition
Origin: ribs 1-8

Insertion: vertebral border of scapula

Action: rotates inferior angle of scapula laterally
Term
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
Definition
Origin: ribs 5-12

Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, iliac crest

Action: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall
Term
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
Definition
Origin: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament

Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest

Action: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall
Term
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
Definition
Origin: pubic crest, pubic symphysis

Insertion: xiphoid process, ribs 5-7

Action: flexes lumbar region of vertebral column, rotates lumbar region of vertebral column
Term
LONG HEAD OF BICEPS BRACHII
Definition
Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius

Action: flexes forearm at elbow, supinates forarm
Term
SHORT HEAD OF BICEPS BRACHII
Definition
Origin: coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius

Action: flexes forearm at elbow, supinates forearm
Term
BRACHIALIS
Definition
Origin: anterior humerus

Insertion: coronoid process of ulna

Action: flexes forearm at elbow
Term
CORACOBRACHIALIS
Definition
Origin: coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: medial humerus

Action: flexes arm at shoulder, adducts arm
Term
BRACHIORADIALIS
Definition
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: styloid process of radius

Action: flexes forearm at elbow, stabilizes elbow during flexion & extension
Term
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
Definition
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: 2nd metacarpal

Action: extends hand at wrist, abducts hand
Term
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS
Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: 3rd metacarpal

Action: extends hand at wrist, abducts hand
Term
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digit

Action: extends distal interphalangeal joints, extends hand at wrist
Term
EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior ulna

Insertion: 5th metacarpal

Action: extends hand at wrist, adducts hand
Term
SUPINATOR
Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal ulna

Insertion: proximal end of radius

Action: supinates forearm
Term
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS
Definition
Origin: posterior radius, posterior ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion: trapezium, 1st metacarpal

Action: abducts pollex
Term
EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS
Definition
Origin: posterior radius, posterior ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion: proximal phalanx of pollex

Action: extends 1st metacarpalphalangeal joint
Term
EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS
Definition
Origin:posterior radius, posterior ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion: distal phalanx of pollex

Actoin: extends 1st interphalangeal joint
Term
EXTENSOR INDICIS
Definition
Origin: posterior ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion: distal phalanx of 2nd digit

Actoin: extends 2nd distal interphalangeal joint
Term
EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI
Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: distal phalanx of 5th digit

Action: extends 5th distal interphalangeal joint
Term
ILIOPSOAS
Definition
Origin: iliac fossa, ala of the sacrum, transverse processes of T12-L5

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Action: flexes thigh at hip, flexes vertebral column
Term
SARTORIUS
Definition
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: medial tibia

Action: flexes thigh at hip, rotates thigh laterally, flexes leg at knee, rotates knee medially
Term
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS: RECTUS FEMORIS
Definition
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris & patellar ligament

Action: extends leg at knee, flexes thigh at hip
Term
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS: VASTUS LATERALIS
Definition
Origin: greater trochanter of femur, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera of femur

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament

Action: extends leg at knee, stabilizes knee
Term
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS: VASTUS MEDIALIS
Definition
Origin: linea aspera of femur, intertrochanteric line

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris & patellar ligament

Action: extends leg at knee, stabilizes patella
Term
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS: VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
Definition
Origin: shaft of femur

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament

Action: extends leg at knee
Term
PECTINEUS
Definition
Origin: superior ramus of pubis

Insertion: linea aspera of femur

Action: adducts thigh, flexes thigh at hip, rotates thigh medially
Term
TENSOR FASCIA LATAE
Definition
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest

Insertion: iliotibial tract

Action: flexes thigh at hip, abducts thigh, rotates thigh medially
Term
GRACILIS
Definition
Origin: inferior ramus of the pubis, body of the pubis

Insertion: medial surface of tibia

Action: adducts thigh, flexes leg at knee, rotates leg medially
Term
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
Definition
Origin: pubis-near pubic symphysis

Insertion: linea aspera of femur

Action: adducts thigh, flexes thigh at hip, rotates thigh medially
Term
ADDUCTOR BREVIS
Definition
Origin: body of pubis, inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: linea aspera of femur

Action: adducst thigh, rotates thigh medially
Term
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
Definition
Origin: inferior ramus of pubis, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity

Insertion: linea aspera of femur

Action: adducts thigh, rotates thigh laterally, flexes thigh at hip
Term
TRAPEZIUS
Definition
Origin: occipital bone, spinous processes of C7-T12

Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion process of scapula

Action: elevates scapula, depresses scapula, rotates scapula, adducts scapula
Term
DELTOID
Definition
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion process of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: abducts arm, flexes arm at shoulder, rotates arm medially, extends arm at shoulder, rotates arm laterally
Term
LATISSIMUS DORSI
Definition
Origin: spinous processes of T7-T12, ribs 9-12, iliac crest, inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus

Action: extends arm at shoulder, adducts arm, rotates arm medially
Term
PECTORALIS MAJOR
Definition
Origin: sternal end of clavicle, ribs 1-6

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Action: flexes arm shoulder, rotates arm medially, adducts arm
Term
LEVATOR SCAPULA
Definition
Origin: transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion: vertebral border of scapula

Action: elevates scapula, downwardly rotates scapula
Term
RHOMBOID MAJOR
Definition
Origin: spinous processes of T2-T5

Insertion: vertebral border of scapula

Action: adducts scapula, downwardly rotates scapula
Term
RHOMBOID MINOR
Definition
Origin: spinous processes of C7-T1

Insertion: vertebral border of scapula

Action: adducts scapula, downwardly rotates scapula
Term
SUPRASPINATUS
Definition
Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Action: abducts arm
Term
INFRASPINATUS
Definition
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Action: rotates arm laterally
Term
TERES MAJOR
Definition
Origin: inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: adducts arm, extends arm at shoulder, rotates arm medially
Term
TERES MINOR
Definition
Origin: lateral border of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Action: rotates arm laterally
Term
SUBSCAPULARIS
Definition
Origin: supscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: rotates arm medially
Term
LONG HEAD OF TRICEPS BRACHII
Definition
Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Action: extends forearm at elbow
Term
LATERAL HEAD OF BICEPS BRACHII
Definition
Origin: posterior humerus

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Action: extends arm at elbow
Term
MEDIAL HEAD OF TRICEPS BRACHII
Definition
Origin: posterior humerus

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Action: extends forearm at elbow
Term
PRONATOR TERES
Definition
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: lateral radius

Action: pronates forearm
Term
FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
Definition
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Action: flexes hand at wrist, abducts hand
Term
PALMARIS LONGUS
Definition
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: palmar aponeurosis

Action: flexes hand at wrist
Term
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
Definition
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process of ulna, shaft of ulna

Insertion: pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal

Action: flexes hand at wrist, adducts hand
Term
FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
Definition
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, shaft of radius

Insertion: middle phalanges of 2nd to 5th digit

Action: flexes hand at wrist, flexes proximal interphalangeal joints
Term
FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
Definition
Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digit

Action: flexes distal interphalangeal joints
Term
FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS
Definition
Origin: anterior radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: distal phalanx of pollux

Action: flexes 1st interphalangeal joint
Term
PRONATOR QUADRATUS
Definition
Origin: distal and andterior ulna

Insertion: distal and anterior radius

Action: pronates forearm
Term
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS
Definition
Origin: scaphoid, trapezium, flexor retinaculum

Insertion: proximal phalanx of pollex

Action: abducts pollex
Term
OPPONENS POLLICIS
Definition
Origin: trapezium, flexor retinaculum

Insertion: 1st metacarpal

Action: opposes pollex
Term
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
Definition
Origin: posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx

Insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur

Action: extends thigh at hip, rotates thigh laterally, abducts thigh
Term
GLUTEUS MEDIUS
Definition
Origin: lateral surface of ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Action: abducts thigh, rotates thigh medially
Term
GLUTEUS MINIMUS
Definition
Origin: lateral surface of ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Action: abducts thigh, rotates thigh medially
Term
LONG HEAD OF BICEPS FEMORIS
Definition
Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

Action: flexes leg at knee, rotates leg laterally
Term
SHORT HEAD OF BICEPS FEMORIS
Definition
Origin: linea aspera

Insertion: head of fibula, lateral conyle of tibia

Action: flexes leg at knee, rotates leg laterally
Term
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
Definition
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, interosseous membrane

Insertion: medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexes foot at ankle, inverts foot
Term
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
Definition
Origin: anterior fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: distal phalanx of hallux

Action: dorsiflexes foot at ankle, extends 1st interphalangeal joint
Term
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
Definition
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, proximal fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits

Action: extends 2nd-5th distal interphalangeal joints
Term
FIBULARIS TERTIUS
Definition
Origin: anterior fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: 5th metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexes foot at ankle, everts foot
Term
FIBULARIS LONGUS
Definition
Origin: head of fibula

Insertion: medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal

Action: plantar flexes foot at ankle, everts foot
Term
FIBULARIS BREVIS
Definition
Origin: distal fibula

Insertion: 5th metatarsal

Action: plantar flexes foot at ankle, everts foot
Term
GASTROCNEMIUS
Definition
Origin: lateral condyle of femur, medial condyle of femur

Insertion: calcaneus

Action: plantar flexes foot at ankle
Term
SOLEUS
Definition
Origin: proximal tibia, proximal fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: calcaneus

Action: plantar flexes foot at ankle
Term
FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
Definition
Origin: posterior tibia

Insertion: distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits

Action: plantar flexes foot at ankle, inverts foot, flexes 2nd-5th distal interphalangeal joints
Term
FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
Definition
Origin: middle shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: distal phalanx of hallux

Action: plantar flexes foot at ankle, inverts foot, flexes all joints of hallux
Term
TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
Definition
Origin: proximal tibia, proximal fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: navicular bone, 2nd-4th metatarsal

Action: plantar flexes foot at ankle, inverts foot
Term
ERECTOR SPINAE: ILIOCOSTALIS
Definition
Origin: iliac crest, ribs 3-12

Insertion: inferior border of ribs, transverse processes of C4-C6

Action: extends vertebral column, laterally flexes vertebral column
Term
ERECTOR SPINE: LONGISSIMUS
Definition
Origin: transverse processes of C4-L5

Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone

Action: extends vertebral column, laterally flexes vertebral column
Term
ERECTOR SPINAE: SPINALIS
Definition
Origin: spinous processes of T7-L3

Insertion: spinous processes of C4-T6

Action: extends vertebral column
Term
SPLENIUS CAPITIS
Definition
Origin: spinous process of C6-T7

Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone

Action: extends or huperextends vertebral column
Term
SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS
Definition
Origin: transverse processes of C7-T12

Insertion: occipital bone

Action: extends vertebral column
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