Term
| Most superficial muscle of the anterior neck? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the contents of the superficial cervical fossa from superficial to deep |
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Definition
Platysma
External and anterior jugular veins
Cervical Plexus superficial branches
Superficial cervical lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| Inferior border of mandible and superficial fascia of face |
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Term
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Definition
| Superficial fascia of upper thorax (pec major and deltoid muscle) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cervical branch of facial nerve |
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Term
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Definition
Pulls down corners of mouth
Pulls skin of neck up |
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Term
| What vein drains the anterior superficial neck? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vein drains the superficial scalp and head? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus? |
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Definition
Lesser occipital --> Back of head
Greater auricular --> to ear
Transverse Cervical --> Across the neck
Supraclavicular --> to clavicle |
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Term
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Definition
| Branch of submental and suprascapular arteries |
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Term
| External jugular vein runs between what two muscles? |
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Definition
| Runs deep to platysma and crosses the sternocleidomastoid. |
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Term
| External jugular vein pierces what layer of fascia, and where does it do this? |
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Definition
| Pierces investing layer of deep cervical fascia at posterior border of sternocleidomastoid |
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Term
| Where does the external jugular vein terminate? |
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Definition
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Term
| The nerves make up the cervical plexus and what muscle are they under? |
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Definition
| Anterior Rami of cervical nerves 1-5. They come out from behind the sternocleidomastoid |
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Term
| What are the three layers of deep cervical fascia? |
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Definition
| Investing, pretrachial, and prevertebral |
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Term
| Investing layer of deep cervical fascia form capsules for which two organs? |
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Definition
| Parotid and submandibular glands. |
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Term
| What structures are in the investing layer of deep cervical fascia? |
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Definition
| Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius |
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Term
| What are the superior attachments of the deep cervical fascia? |
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Definition
Superior nuchal line
zygomatic arch
mastoid process
mandible
hyoid bone |
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Term
| What are the inferior attachments of the deep cervical fascia? |
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Definition
| Manubrium, clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula |
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Term
| Contents of pretracheal layer? |
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Definition
Two parts:
Muscular part: infrahyoid muscles
Visceral part: thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus |
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Term
| Borders of pretracheal layer? |
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Definition
| Anterior neck from hyoid bone to middle mediastinum where it joins the fibrous pericardium |
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Term
| pretrachael layer blends laterally with what structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures are in the carotid sheath? |
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Definition
| carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve |
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Term
| Pretrachial layer forms sheaths that surround the intermediate tendons of two muscles. What are they? |
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Definition
| Digastric and omohyoid muscles. |
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Term
| What pierces the carotid sheath? |
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Definition
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Term
| Carotid sheath is crossed by the intermediate tendon of which muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the carotid sheath? |
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Definition
| Extends from the base of the cranium to the root of the neck. |
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Term
| Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia form a sheath that covers what structures? |
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Definition
Prevertebral and lateral muscles
Vertebral column
Muscles associated with the vertebral column:
Longus capitus (anterior)
Scalenes (lateral)
Deep cervical muscles (posterior) |
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Term
| Superior border of prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia? |
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Definition
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Term
| inferior border of prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia? |
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Definition
| anterior longitudinal ligament at T3 |
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Term
| Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia blends laterally with what? |
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Definition
| Axillary sheath, which surrounds axilary vessels and brachial plexus roots. |
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Term
| Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia forms the posterior boundary of what space? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the retropharyngeal space? |
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Definition
| Permits movement of the pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and trachea relative to vertebral column during swallowing |
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Term
| Which space in the neck is a major pathway for spread of infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| The carotid sheath communicates with which other spaces? Why does this matter? |
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Definition
| Posterior mediastinum and cranial cavity. This means that it can be a way for infection to spread or a pathway for extravasated blood. |
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Term
| What suspends the hyoid bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is directly deep to hyoid bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the relationship between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage? |
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Definition
| The hyoid is attached to the thyroid cartilage via the thyrohyoid membrane |
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Term
| 10 muscles attach to the hyoid. Name them. Which are superior to the hyoid, and which are inferior? |
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Definition
Superior:
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
Genioglossus
Inferior
Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid |
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Term
| What structure is inferior to the hyoid bone? |
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Definition
| Thyroid cartilage at C4/C5 |
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Term
| List all of the muscles or groupings of muscles that are considered cervical muscles |
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Definition
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Suprahyoid muscles
Infrahyoid muscles
Occipital Muscles
Suboccitpital muscles |
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Term
| Sternocleidomastoid Origin |
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Definition
Sternal head at manubrium
Clavicular head at medial 1/3 of clavicle |
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Term
| The sternocleidomastoid separates what two very important structures? |
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Definition
| Internal jugular vein from external jugular vein |
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Term
| Three things cross the sternocleidomastoid. What are they? |
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Definition
| External jugular vein, Transverse cervical nerve, and greater auricular nerve |
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Term
| Insertion of sternocleidomastoid? |
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Definition
| Mastoid Process and superior nuchal line |
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Term
| Innervation of sternocleidomastoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Unilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid does what? |
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Definition
| lateral flexion of neck and rotation of face upward contralaterally |
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Term
| Bilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid does what? |
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Definition
Extension of neck at atlanto-occiptal joint
Flexion of cervical vertebrae
Extension of lower vertebrae
Elevation of manubrium and clavicle when the cervical vertebrae are fixed. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the mid-posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid. It marks the exit of the superficial branches of the cervical plexus |
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Term
| sternocleidomastoid divides the neck into two triangles. What are they? |
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Definition
| Anterior and Posterior Triangles |
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Term
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Definition
| Spasm of sternocleidomastoid. It can be caused by excessive pull on head during deliver, chronic trochlear nerve palsy, irritation of spinal accessory nerve or ear infections. |
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Term
| You just contracted your right sternocleidomastoid. What direction is your chin pointing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Unilateral contraction of the trapezius does what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bilateral contraction of neck does what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Innervation of trapezius? |
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Definition
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Term
| Trapezius forms a boundary of one of the triangles of the neck. What boundary of what triangle? |
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Definition
| Posterior boundary of posterior triangle |
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Term
| Name the four suprahyoid muscles |
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Definition
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric |
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Term
| Origin of stylohyoid muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Insertion of stylohyoid muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Innervation of Stylohyoid muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Action of stylohyoid muscle? |
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Definition
| Elevation of hyoid and elongation of mouth floor |
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Term
| What connects the hyoid to the cranium? |
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Definition
Stylohyoid muscle
Digastric muscle
Mylohyoid muscle
Geniohyoid |
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Term
| Origin of digastric muscle |
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Definition
Anterior belly: Digastric fossa of mandible
Posterior belly: mastoid notch |
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Term
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Definition
| Body and greater horn of hyoid |
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Term
| Innervation of digastric muscle? |
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Definition
Anterior belly: nerve to myohyoid (branch of trigeminal)
Posterior Belly: facial nerve |
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Term
| Action of digastric muscle |
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Definition
depresses the mandible to open the mouth
Elevates the hyoid bone |
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Term
| What muscle attaches to the hyoid via a tendonous sling? |
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Definition
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Term
| Origin of mylohyoid muscle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Elevates hyoid and floor of mouth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Innervation of geniohyoid? |
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Definition
| Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of trigeminal) |
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Term
| Innervation of mylohyoid? |
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Definition
| Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of trigeminal) |
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Term
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Definition
Shortens the floor of the mouth by pulling the hyoid bone anteriorly and upwards
Widens the pharynx |
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Term
| Name the infrahyoid muscles |
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Definition
Superficial plane:
Omohyoid and sternohyoid
Deep plane:
Sternothyoid and thyrohoid |
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Term
| What are the strap muscles? |
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Definition
| Infrahyoid muscles: Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, sternothyoid, and sternohyoid |
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Term
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Definition
| Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch |
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Term
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Definition
| inferior border of body of hyoid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Depresses, retracts, and stabilizes the hyoid |
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Term
| How many bellies does the omohyoid have? |
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Definition
| Two bellies united by an intermediate tendon. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between the omohyoid and the clavicle? |
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Definition
| It's connected by a fascial sling |
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Term
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Definition
| Manubruim and medial end of clavicle |
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Term
| Insertion of sternohyoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Innervation of sternohyoid |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Relationship of sternohyoid to sternothyroid? |
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Definition
| It lies above sternothyroid |
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Term
| You've got a thyoid enlarged thyroid. What will limit its expansion superiorly? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Posterior surface of manubrium |
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Term
| Insertion of sternothyroid |
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Definition
| Oblique line of thyroid lamina |
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Term
| What covers the lateral lobe of the thyroid gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| Innervation of the sternothyroid |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Oblique line of the thyroid lamina |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Innervation of thyrohoid? |
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Definition
| Segmental C1 (via hypoglossal nerve) |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevates the larynx and depresses the hyoid |
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Term
| What is the relationship of the sternothyoid and thyrohyoid muscles? |
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Definition
| The thyrohoid continues on as an extension of the sternothyroid muscle after meeting at the thyroid. |
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Term
| Boundaries of the Posterior Triangle |
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Definition
Anterior: Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Posterior: Anterior border of trapezius
Base: mid 1/3 of clavicle
Apex: Occiptal bone |
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Term
| Floor of posterior triangle? |
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Definition
| Spenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle and posterior scalenes, accessory nerve, trunks of brachial plexus, subclavian and transverse cervical arteries. |
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Term
| Only muscles to attach to the greater horn of the hyoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Roof of posterior triangle? |
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Definition
| Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia |
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Term
| Posterior triangle is divided by what structure into two smaller triangles. Name the structure and the resulting triangles |
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Definition
Omohyoid muscle
Subclavian and occipital Triangles |
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Term
| Contents of subclavian triangle? |
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Definition
| External jugular veins superficially and subclavian arteries deeply |
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Term
| Boundaries of Anterior Triangle |
|
Definition
Anterior: Median line of neck
Posterior: Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Base: Inferior border of mandible
Apex: Jugular notch of manubrium |
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Term
| Roof of anterior triangle? |
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Definition
| Superficial fascia containing the platysma |
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Term
| Floor of anterior triangle? |
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Definition
| Pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland |
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Term
| The anterior triangle is divided into four smaller triangles by two muscles. Name the muscles and the smaller triangles |
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Definition
Digastric divides it into submental and submandibular triangles
omohyoid divides into carotid and muscular triangles |
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Term
| Boundaries of muscular triangle? |
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Definition
Superior belly of omohyoid
Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Median plane of neck |
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|
Term
| Contents of muscular triangle: |
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Definition
| Infrahyoid muscles and viscera, such as thyroid and parathyroid glands |
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Term
| Boundaries of carotid triangle? |
|
Definition
Anterior-Superior: Posterior belly of digastric
Anterior-inferior: Superior belly of omohyoid
Posterior: Anterior border of Sternocleidomastoid |
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|
Term
| Contents of carotid triangle? |
|
Definition
Common carotid
carotid body and sinus
external carotid artery (as well as its branches and corresponding veins)
Hypoglossal nerve |
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|
Term
| What is the carotid sinus and where is it? |
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Definition
| It is a baroreceptor that reacts to changes in blood pressure. There is a slight dilation on the proximal part of the internal carotid artery. That is called the carotid sinus |
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|
Term
| Where does the common carotid bifurcate? |
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Definition
| At the superior border of the thyroid cartilage (vertebral level C4) |
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Term
| Carotid sinus innervation: |
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Definition
| Carotid Sinus Nerve (branch of glossopharyngeal nerve) and vagus nerve |
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|
Term
| What is the carotid body and where is it? |
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Definition
| It is a chemoreceptor that monitors the oxygen levels in the blood. It is found on the medial (deep) side of the bifurcation of the common carotid. |
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Term
| Relation of carotid sinus to carotid body? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Carotid body innervation? |
|
Definition
| Carotid Sinus Nerve (branch of glossopharyngeal nerve) and vagus nerve |
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Term
| Boundaries of Submental Triangle |
|
Definition
Lateral borders: Anterior bellies of digastric muscles (L and R)
Apex: Symphysis menti (on mandible)
Base: Body of hyoid |
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Term
| Floor of submental triangle |
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Definition
| Right and Left mylohyoid muscles (which meet at a raphe) |
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Term
| Contents of submental triangle? |
|
Definition
| Submental lymph nodes and tributaries of the anterior jugular vein |
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|
Term
| Boundaries of the submandibular triangle? |
|
Definition
Base: Inferior border of mandible
Anterior: Anterior belly of digastric
Apex: Hyoid Bone |
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Term
| Floor of submandibular triangle? |
|
Definition
| Mylohyoid, hyoglossus and middle pharyngeal constrictor |
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|
Term
| Contents of submandibular triangle? |
|
Definition
Submandibular gland and lymph nodes
facial vessels
hypoglossal nerve
Submental artery
Nerve to mylohyoid muscle |
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|
Term
| Which muscle attaches to the hyoid via a tendonous sling? |
|
Definition
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