Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy of the superficial neck and triangles
A set about the anatomy of the superior neck muscles and associated triangles
125
Anatomy
Professional
12/01/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Most superficial muscle of the anterior neck?
Definition
Platysma
Term
Name the contents of the superficial cervical fossa from superficial to deep
Definition
Platysma
External and anterior jugular veins
Cervical Plexus superficial branches
Superficial cervical lymph nodes
Term
Origin of platysma
Definition
Inferior border of mandible and superficial fascia of face
Term
Insertion of platysma
Definition
Superficial fascia of upper thorax (pec major and deltoid muscle)
Term
Innervation of platysma
Definition
Cervical branch of facial nerve
Term
Action of platysma
Definition
Pulls down corners of mouth
Pulls skin of neck up
Term
What vein drains the anterior superficial neck?
Definition
Anterior Jugular Vein
Term
What vein drains the superficial scalp and head?
Definition
External Jugular Vein
Term
What are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?
Definition
Lesser occipital --> Back of head
Greater auricular --> to ear
Transverse Cervical --> Across the neck
Supraclavicular --> to clavicle
Term
Artery for platysma?
Definition
Branch of submental and suprascapular arteries
Term
External jugular vein runs between what two muscles?
Definition
Runs deep to platysma and crosses the sternocleidomastoid.
Term
External jugular vein pierces what layer of fascia, and where does it do this?
Definition
Pierces investing layer of deep cervical fascia at posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Term
Where does the external jugular vein terminate?
Definition
subclavian vein
Term
The nerves make up the cervical plexus and what muscle are they under?
Definition
Anterior Rami of cervical nerves 1-5. They come out from behind the sternocleidomastoid
Term
What are the three layers of deep cervical fascia?
Definition
Investing, pretrachial, and prevertebral
Term
Investing layer of deep cervical fascia form capsules for which two organs?
Definition
Parotid and submandibular glands.
Term
What structures are in the investing layer of deep cervical fascia?
Definition
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Term
What are the superior attachments of the deep cervical fascia?
Definition
Superior nuchal line
zygomatic arch
mastoid process
mandible
hyoid bone
Term
What are the inferior attachments of the deep cervical fascia?
Definition
Manubrium, clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Term
Contents of pretracheal layer?
Definition
Two parts:
Muscular part: infrahyoid muscles
Visceral part: thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus
Term
Borders of pretracheal layer?
Definition
Anterior neck from hyoid bone to middle mediastinum where it joins the fibrous pericardium
Term
pretrachael layer blends laterally with what structure?
Definition
Carotid sheath
Term
What structures are in the carotid sheath?
Definition
carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve
Term
Pretrachial layer forms sheaths that surround the intermediate tendons of two muscles. What are they?
Definition
Digastric and omohyoid muscles.
Term
What pierces the carotid sheath?
Definition
Ansa cervicalis
Term
Carotid sheath is crossed by the intermediate tendon of which muscle?
Definition
Omohyoid
Term
What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the carotid sheath?
Definition
Extends from the base of the cranium to the root of the neck.
Term
Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia form a sheath that covers what structures?
Definition
Prevertebral and lateral muscles
Vertebral column
Muscles associated with the vertebral column:
Longus capitus (anterior)
Scalenes (lateral)
Deep cervical muscles (posterior)
Term
Superior border of prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia?
Definition
Base of cranium
Term
inferior border of prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia?
Definition
anterior longitudinal ligament at T3
Term
Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia blends laterally with what?
Definition
Axillary sheath, which surrounds axilary vessels and brachial plexus roots.
Term
Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia forms the posterior boundary of what space?
Definition
Retropharayngeal space
Term
What is the purpose of the retropharyngeal space?
Definition
Permits movement of the pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and trachea relative to vertebral column during swallowing
Term
Which space in the neck is a major pathway for spread of infection?
Definition
Retropharangeal space
Term
The carotid sheath communicates with which other spaces? Why does this matter?
Definition
Posterior mediastinum and cranial cavity. This means that it can be a way for infection to spread or a pathway for extravasated blood.
Term
What suspends the hyoid bone?
Definition
Stylohyoid ligament
Term
What is directly deep to hyoid bone?
Definition
Epiglottis
Term
What is the relationship between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage?
Definition
The hyoid is attached to the thyroid cartilage via the thyrohyoid membrane
Term
10 muscles attach to the hyoid. Name them. Which are superior to the hyoid, and which are inferior?
Definition
Superior:
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
Genioglossus

Inferior
Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Term
What structure is inferior to the hyoid bone?
Definition
Thyroid cartilage at C4/C5
Term
List all of the muscles or groupings of muscles that are considered cervical muscles
Definition
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Suprahyoid muscles
Infrahyoid muscles
Occipital Muscles
Suboccitpital muscles
Term
Sternocleidomastoid Origin
Definition
Sternal head at manubrium
Clavicular head at medial 1/3 of clavicle
Term
The sternocleidomastoid separates what two very important structures?
Definition
Internal jugular vein from external jugular vein
Term
Three things cross the sternocleidomastoid. What are they?
Definition
External jugular vein, Transverse cervical nerve, and greater auricular nerve
Term
Insertion of sternocleidomastoid?
Definition
Mastoid Process and superior nuchal line
Term
Innervation of sternocleidomastoid?
Definition
Spinal Accessory nerve
Term
Unilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid does what?
Definition
lateral flexion of neck and rotation of face upward contralaterally
Term
Bilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid does what?
Definition
Extension of neck at atlanto-occiptal joint
Flexion of cervical vertebrae
Extension of lower vertebrae
Elevation of manubrium and clavicle when the cervical vertebrae are fixed.
Term
What is Erb's Point?
Definition
It is the mid-posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid. It marks the exit of the superficial branches of the cervical plexus
Term
sternocleidomastoid divides the neck into two triangles. What are they?
Definition
Anterior and Posterior Triangles
Term
What is torticollis?
Definition
Spasm of sternocleidomastoid. It can be caused by excessive pull on head during deliver, chronic trochlear nerve palsy, irritation of spinal accessory nerve or ear infections.
Term
You just contracted your right sternocleidomastoid. What direction is your chin pointing?
Definition
Left
Term
Unilateral contraction of the trapezius does what?
Definition
Flexion of neck
Term
Bilateral contraction of neck does what?
Definition
extension of neck
Term
Innervation of trapezius?
Definition
Spinal Accessory nerve
Term
Trapezius forms a boundary of one of the triangles of the neck. What boundary of what triangle?
Definition
Posterior boundary of posterior triangle
Term
Name the four suprahyoid muscles
Definition
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Term
Origin of stylohyoid muscle?
Definition
Styloid process
Term
Insertion of stylohyoid muscle?
Definition
Body of Hyoid
Term
Innervation of Stylohyoid muscle?
Definition
Facial nerve
Term
Action of stylohyoid muscle?
Definition
Elevation of hyoid and elongation of mouth floor
Term
What connects the hyoid to the cranium?
Definition
Stylohyoid muscle
Digastric muscle
Mylohyoid muscle
Geniohyoid
Term
Origin of digastric muscle
Definition
Anterior belly: Digastric fossa of mandible
Posterior belly: mastoid notch
Term
Insertion of digastric?
Definition
Body and greater horn of hyoid
Term
Innervation of digastric muscle?
Definition
Anterior belly: nerve to myohyoid (branch of trigeminal)
Posterior Belly: facial nerve
Term
Action of digastric muscle
Definition
depresses the mandible to open the mouth
Elevates the hyoid bone
Term
What muscle attaches to the hyoid via a tendonous sling?
Definition
Digastric
Term
Origin of mylohyoid muscle
Definition
Mylohoid line
Term
Insertion of mylohyoid
Definition
Body of hyoid via raphe
Term
Action of mylohyoid
Definition
Elevates hyoid and floor of mouth
Term
Geniohyoid origin
Definition
Inferior Mental Spine
Term
Geniohyoid insertion
Definition
Body of hyoid
Term
Innervation of geniohyoid?
Definition
Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of trigeminal)
Term
Innervation of mylohyoid?
Definition
Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of trigeminal)
Term
Action of geniohyoid?
Definition
Shortens the floor of the mouth by pulling the hyoid bone anteriorly and upwards
Widens the pharynx
Term
Name the infrahyoid muscles
Definition
Superficial plane:
Omohyoid and sternohyoid

Deep plane:
Sternothyoid and thyrohoid
Term
What are the strap muscles?
Definition
Infrahyoid muscles: Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, sternothyoid, and sternohyoid
Term
Origin of Omohyoid
Definition
Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
Term
Insertion of omohyoid
Definition
inferior border of body of hyoid
Term
Innervation of omohyoid?
Definition
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)
Term
Action of omohyoid?
Definition
Depresses, retracts, and stabilizes the hyoid
Term
How many bellies does the omohyoid have?
Definition
Two bellies united by an intermediate tendon.
Term
What is the relationship between the omohyoid and the clavicle?
Definition
It's connected by a fascial sling
Term
Sternohyoid origin
Definition
Manubruim and medial end of clavicle
Term
Insertion of sternohyoid?
Definition
Body of hyoid
Term
Innervation of sternohyoid
Definition
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)
Term
Action of sternohyoid
Definition
Depresses the hyoid
Term
Relationship of sternohyoid to sternothyroid?
Definition
It lies above sternothyroid
Term
You've got a thyoid enlarged thyroid. What will limit its expansion superiorly?
Definition
Sternothyoid
Term
Origin of sternothyroid
Definition
Posterior surface of manubrium
Term
Insertion of sternothyroid
Definition
Oblique line of thyroid lamina
Term
What covers the lateral lobe of the thyroid gland?
Definition
Sternothyroid
Term
Innervation of the sternothyroid
Definition
Ansa Cervicalis (C2-C3)
Term
Origin of thyrohyoid
Definition
Oblique line of the thyroid lamina
Term
Insertion of thyrohyoid
Definition
hyoid bone
Term
Innervation of thyrohoid?
Definition
Segmental C1 (via hypoglossal nerve)
Term
Actions of thyrohyoid
Definition
Elevates the larynx and depresses the hyoid
Term
What is the relationship of the sternothyoid and thyrohyoid muscles?
Definition
The thyrohoid continues on as an extension of the sternothyroid muscle after meeting at the thyroid.
Term
Boundaries of the Posterior Triangle
Definition
Anterior: Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Posterior: Anterior border of trapezius
Base: mid 1/3 of clavicle
Apex: Occiptal bone
Term
Floor of posterior triangle?
Definition
Spenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle and posterior scalenes, accessory nerve, trunks of brachial plexus, subclavian and transverse cervical arteries.
Term
Only muscles to attach to the greater horn of the hyoid?
Definition
Digastric and hyoglossus
Term
Roof of posterior triangle?
Definition
Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
Term
Posterior triangle is divided by what structure into two smaller triangles. Name the structure and the resulting triangles
Definition
Omohyoid muscle
Subclavian and occipital Triangles
Term
Contents of subclavian triangle?
Definition
External jugular veins superficially and subclavian arteries deeply
Term
Boundaries of Anterior Triangle
Definition
Anterior: Median line of neck
Posterior: Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Base: Inferior border of mandible
Apex: Jugular notch of manubrium
Term
Roof of anterior triangle?
Definition
Superficial fascia containing the platysma
Term
Floor of anterior triangle?
Definition
Pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland
Term
The anterior triangle is divided into four smaller triangles by two muscles. Name the muscles and the smaller triangles
Definition
Digastric divides it into submental and submandibular triangles

omohyoid divides into carotid and muscular triangles
Term
Boundaries of muscular triangle?
Definition
Superior belly of omohyoid
Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Median plane of neck
Term
Contents of muscular triangle:
Definition
Infrahyoid muscles and viscera, such as thyroid and parathyroid glands
Term
Boundaries of carotid triangle?
Definition
Anterior-Superior: Posterior belly of digastric
Anterior-inferior: Superior belly of omohyoid
Posterior: Anterior border of Sternocleidomastoid
Term
Contents of carotid triangle?
Definition
Common carotid
carotid body and sinus
external carotid artery (as well as its branches and corresponding veins)
Hypoglossal nerve
Term
What is the carotid sinus and where is it?
Definition
It is a baroreceptor that reacts to changes in blood pressure. There is a slight dilation on the proximal part of the internal carotid artery. That is called the carotid sinus
Term
Where does the common carotid bifurcate?
Definition
At the superior border of the thyroid cartilage (vertebral level C4)
Term
Carotid sinus innervation:
Definition
Carotid Sinus Nerve (branch of glossopharyngeal nerve) and vagus nerve
Term
What is the carotid body and where is it?
Definition
It is a chemoreceptor that monitors the oxygen levels in the blood. It is found on the medial (deep) side of the bifurcation of the common carotid.
Term
Relation of carotid sinus to carotid body?
Definition
Body is deep to sinus.
Term
Carotid body innervation?
Definition
Carotid Sinus Nerve (branch of glossopharyngeal nerve) and vagus nerve
Term
Boundaries of Submental Triangle
Definition
Lateral borders: Anterior bellies of digastric muscles (L and R)
Apex: Symphysis menti (on mandible)
Base: Body of hyoid
Term
Floor of submental triangle
Definition
Right and Left mylohyoid muscles (which meet at a raphe)
Term
Contents of submental triangle?
Definition
Submental lymph nodes and tributaries of the anterior jugular vein
Term
Boundaries of the submandibular triangle?
Definition
Base: Inferior border of mandible
Anterior: Anterior belly of digastric
Apex: Hyoid Bone
Term
Floor of submandibular triangle?
Definition
Mylohyoid, hyoglossus and middle pharyngeal constrictor
Term
Contents of submandibular triangle?
Definition
Submandibular gland and lymph nodes
facial vessels
hypoglossal nerve
Submental artery
Nerve to mylohyoid muscle
Term
Which muscle attaches to the hyoid via a tendonous sling?
Definition
Digastric
Supporting users have an ad free experience!