Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy of the Deep Neck
A set about the anatomy of the deep neck
83
Anatomy
Professional
12/01/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Muscles of the prevertebral compartment
Definition
Longus Coli
Longus Capitus
Rectus Capitus
Anterior Scalene
Middle Scalene
Posterior Scalene
Term
Relationship of longus capitus to longus coli
Definition
Longus capitus is superior to longus coli. Longus coli begins where longus capitus ends.
Term
Innervation of longus coli
Definition
C2 to C6
Term
Function of longus capitus
Definition
Flexes head
Term
function of longus coli
Definition
Flexes and rotates neck
Term
Attachment point of longus coli:
Definition
Anterior to vertebrae: C5-C1
Term
Attachment of longus captis
Definition
Occiptal bone to C5
Term
Innervation of longus capitus
Definition
C1-C3
Term
Which scalenes attach to the first Rib?
Definition
Anterior and Middle
Term
Which scalenes attach to second rib
Definition
Just the posterior
Term
Few muscles attach to the transverse processes. Which scalenes attach to them?
Definition
All of them.
Term
What structures run between the anterior and middle scalenes?
Definition
Subclavian Artery, roots of the brachial plexus, and the phrenic nerve
Term
What is the relationship of the phrenic nerve to the anterior scalene?
Definition
The phrenic nerve passes OVER the anterior scalene
Term
What is the relationship between the brachiocephalic and subclavian veins with the anterior scalene?
Definition
They pass ANTERIOR to it.
Term
The subclavian vein important. Where is it?
Definition
You will find it just in front of the anterior scalene, deep to the sternocleidomastoid and platysma.
Term
The subclavian arteries are important. Where are they?
Definition
They run between the anterior and middle scalenes.
Term
Which structure is most likely to be penetrated during a subclavian vein puncture if the needle is inserted too far posteriorly?
Definition
Subclavian artery
Term
What are the branches of the subclavian artery?
Definition
Vertebral artery
Internal Thoracic
Thyrocervical Trunk
Term
What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
Definition
Inferior thyroid artery
Ascending cervical
Suprascapular
Cervical Dorsal
Term
Where will you find the vertebral artery?
Definition
They run in the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae
Term
What is the relationship of the vertebral artery to the atlas?
Definition
Vertebral artery is posterior to atlas
Term
What structures are fed by the inferior thyroid artery?
Definition
Thyroid, parathyroid, esophagus, trachea, larynx, and muscles of the neck
Term
What structures are in the carotid sheath?
Definition
Internal Jugular Vein, Common carotid artery, and vagus nerve
Term
As the vagus nerve goes down, branches pass under two really big arteries. What are the branches and what do they pass under?
Definition
The recurrent pharyngeal nerves loop back and up to supply the pharynx.
The left recurrent pharyngeal nerve loops under the aorta
The right recurrent pharyngeal loops under the subclavian artery
Term
Relationship of vagus nerve to recurrent pharyngeal nerves
Definition
Recurrent pharyngeal nerves are deep to the vagus
Term
What are the cervical nerve levels of the sympathetic trunk?
Definition
Superior: CN 1-CN 2
Middle: CN 6
Inferior: CN 8
(CN = cervical nerve)
Term
Veterbral levels of recurrent pharyngeal nerves?
Definition
Rightt: T1/T2
Leftt: T4/T5
Remember, the left has to pass under the aorta, which is further down.
Left goes longer.
Term
What is the stellate ganglion?
Definition
It's the fusion of the inferior sympathetic ganglion with the first sympathetic thoracic ganglion.
Term
What is the therapeutic purpose of radioactive iodine, and why do we use it?
Definition
It is to obliterate remaining thyroidal tissue after a thyroidectomy. The reason we use it is there can be small amounts of thyroid tissue most anywhere in the deck because of it's descent.
Term
Through what structure does the thyroid descend?
Definition
Foramen Cecum
Term
Describe the vasculature of the thyroid (arteries and veins)
Definition
Two arteries, three veins
Tyroid artery (branch of external carotid)
Inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk)

Veins: Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins
Term
What are the nerve roots of the phrenic nerve?
Definition
C3-C5
Term
Where are the parathyroid glands?
Definition
Typically on the posterior of the thyroid. Two pairs at the top, two paris at the bottom.
Term
What is the innervation of the thyroid?
Definition
Sympathetic innervation from the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglion.
There is no parasympathetic innervation
Term
What nerve supplies the parasympathetic innervation to the thyroid?
Definition
None. It only has sympathetic innervation.
Term
Thyroid is deep to which muscles?
Definition
Sternohyoid and sternothyroid
Term
What veterbral level is Thyroid?
Definition
C5-T1
Term
Thyroid is receives fascial covering by what?
Definition
Pretrachial layer
Term
Where is the isthmus of the thyroid?
Definition
Usually at 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings. It is anterior to them
Term
If the thyroid has a third lobe, what is it called?
Definition
pyramidal lobe
Term
Arteries and veins for thyroid are found between what two structures?
Definition
Dense fibrous capsule and pretracheal fascia
Term
At what level do you typically find the superior parathyroids?
Definition
At the inferior border of cricoid cartilage.
Term
Most of the lymphatic drainage of the thyroid is to which lymph nodes?
Definition
Superficial cervical lymph nodes
Term
Name the unpaired cartilages of the larynx
Definition
Laryngeal
Cricoid
Epiglottal
Term
Name the paired cartilages of the larynx
Definition
Corniculate
Cuneiform
Arytenoid
Term
Innervation of middle Scalene?
Definition
anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
Term
Innervation of posterior scalene?
Definition
Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
Term
Three layers of cervical viscera?
Definition
Endocrine, Respiratory, and alimentary
Term
Name the five muscles of phonation
Definition
Lateral cricoarytenoids
Posterior cricoarytenoids
Transverse Oblique arytenoids
Cricoarytenoids
transversarytenoid
Term
Muscles that adduct the vocal cords
Definition
Lateral cricoarytenoids
Term
Muscles that abduct the vocal cords
Definition
Posterior cricoarytenoids
Term
Muscles that approximate the vocal cords
Definition
Transverse Arytenoids
Term
Muscles that tense the vocal cords
Definition
cricothyroids
Term
Muscles that relax the vocal cords
Definition
thyroarytenoids
Term
Of all the intrinsic muscles of phonation, which one is most superficial?
Definition
cricothyroid
Term
What are the false vocal folds and where are they?
Definition
They are mucosal folds just inferior to the epiglottis and superior to the true vocal folds
Term
Which muscles increase the pitch of the voice?
Definition
Cricothyroids
Term
Which muscles decrease the pitch of the voice?
Definition
Thyroarytenoids
Term
Which muscle is innervated with the extrinsic muscles of phonation?
Definition
Cricothyroid. It is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve (branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)
Term
What is the venous drainage of the larynx?
Definition
Superior laryngeal --> Superior thyroid --> Internal Jugular Vein
Term
What nerve innervates the muscles of phonation?
Definition
Inferior laryngeal nerve (branch of recurrent pharyngeal nerve)

All except cricothroid (external laryngeal nerve)
Term
Describe the arterial supply to the larynx
Definition
Two arteries with three branches:
Superior thyroid artery----> Superior lanryngeal
\--> Cricothyroid
Inferior thyroid artery -----> cricothroid artery
Term
What nerve supplies sensation to the larynx?
Definition
External laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus)
Term
Damage to which nerve can lead to a hoarse-sounding voice?
Definition
inferior laryngeal nerve
Term
You've got to do an emergency tracheotomy. Where are you going to cut?
Definition
Between 2nd and 4th trachael ring spaces
Term
What is the relationship between the pharynx and thyroid?
Definition
Pharynx is superior to the thyroid
Term
Uvula divides what structures?
Definition
Nasopharynx and oropharynx
Term
Describe the positions of the three constrictor muscles
Definition
They are circular muscles and they overlap. Superior is deep to middle, which is deep to Inferior. Inferior is most superficial to prevent blockages.
Term
Describe the three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
Definition
Salpingoparhangeus (from pharyngotympanic tube)
Stylopharyngeus (from styloid process)
Palatopharyngeus (from hard palate)
Term
Arterial supply of constrictor muscles of larynx?
Definition
Facial artery (tonsular branch)
Term
Arterial supply of internal muscles of larynx?
Definition
Facial artery (tonsular branch)
Term
Nerve supply of constrictor muscles of larynx?
Definition
Vagus and laryngeal plexus
Term
Nerve supply of internal muscles of larynx?
Definition
Vagus and laryngeal plexus

EXCEPT
Stylopharngeus (glossopharyngeal nerve)
Term
Innervation of stylopharmgeus muscle?
Definition
glossopharyngeal
Term
Attachment points of superior constrictor?
Definition
Pterygoid hamulus and pterygomandibular raphe to posteriod midline pharygeal raphe and occipital bone
Term
Attachment point of middle constrictor?
Definition
Stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone to pharyngeal raphe
Term
Attachment point of inferior constrictors
Definition
tyroid and cricoid cartilage to pharyngoesophageal junction
Term
Internal muscles of larynx come together at what point?
Definition
Thyroid cartilage
Term
The constrictors have four gaps. What passes superior to superior constrictor?
Definition
Levator veli palatini, pharyngotympanic tube, and ascending palatine artery.
Also pharyngobasillar fascia blends with the buccopharyngeal fascia to form the thin wall of the pharyngeal recess
Term
The constrictors have four gaps. What passes superior to superior constrictor?
Definition
Term
The constrictors have four gaps. What passes between the superior and middle constrictors?
Definition
Stylohydoid ligament and glossopharngeal nerve
Term
The constrictors have four gaps. What passes between the middle and inferior constrictors?
Definition
Internal laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal arteries
Term
The constrictors have four gaps. What passes inferior to inferior constrictor?
Definition
recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal artery
Supporting users have an ad free experience!