Term
| Muscles of the prevertebral compartment |
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Definition
Longus Coli
Longus Capitus
Rectus Capitus
Anterior Scalene
Middle Scalene
Posterior Scalene |
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Term
| Relationship of longus capitus to longus coli |
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Definition
| Longus capitus is superior to longus coli. Longus coli begins where longus capitus ends. |
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Term
| Innervation of longus coli |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of longus capitus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Attachment point of longus coli: |
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Definition
| Anterior to vertebrae: C5-C1 |
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Term
| Attachment of longus captis |
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Definition
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Term
| Innervation of longus capitus |
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Definition
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Term
| Which scalenes attach to the first Rib? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which scalenes attach to second rib |
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Definition
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Term
| Few muscles attach to the transverse processes. Which scalenes attach to them? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures run between the anterior and middle scalenes? |
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Definition
| Subclavian Artery, roots of the brachial plexus, and the phrenic nerve |
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Term
| What is the relationship of the phrenic nerve to the anterior scalene? |
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Definition
| The phrenic nerve passes OVER the anterior scalene |
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Term
| What is the relationship between the brachiocephalic and subclavian veins with the anterior scalene? |
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Definition
| They pass ANTERIOR to it. |
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Term
| The subclavian vein important. Where is it? |
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Definition
| You will find it just in front of the anterior scalene, deep to the sternocleidomastoid and platysma. |
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Term
| The subclavian arteries are important. Where are they? |
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Definition
| They run between the anterior and middle scalenes. |
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Term
| Which structure is most likely to be penetrated during a subclavian vein puncture if the needle is inserted too far posteriorly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the branches of the subclavian artery? |
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Definition
Vertebral artery
Internal Thoracic
Thyrocervical Trunk |
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Term
| What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk? |
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Definition
Inferior thyroid artery
Ascending cervical
Suprascapular
Cervical Dorsal |
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Term
| Where will you find the vertebral artery? |
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Definition
| They run in the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae |
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Term
| What is the relationship of the vertebral artery to the atlas? |
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Definition
| Vertebral artery is posterior to atlas |
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Term
| What structures are fed by the inferior thyroid artery? |
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Definition
| Thyroid, parathyroid, esophagus, trachea, larynx, and muscles of the neck |
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Term
| What structures are in the carotid sheath? |
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Definition
| Internal Jugular Vein, Common carotid artery, and vagus nerve |
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Term
| As the vagus nerve goes down, branches pass under two really big arteries. What are the branches and what do they pass under? |
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Definition
The recurrent pharyngeal nerves loop back and up to supply the pharynx.
The left recurrent pharyngeal nerve loops under the aorta
The right recurrent pharyngeal loops under the subclavian artery |
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Term
| Relationship of vagus nerve to recurrent pharyngeal nerves |
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Definition
| Recurrent pharyngeal nerves are deep to the vagus |
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Term
| What are the cervical nerve levels of the sympathetic trunk? |
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Definition
Superior: CN 1-CN 2
Middle: CN 6
Inferior: CN 8
(CN = cervical nerve) |
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Term
| Veterbral levels of recurrent pharyngeal nerves? |
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Definition
Rightt: T1/T2
Leftt: T4/T5
Remember, the left has to pass under the aorta, which is further down.
Left goes longer. |
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Term
| What is the stellate ganglion? |
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Definition
| It's the fusion of the inferior sympathetic ganglion with the first sympathetic thoracic ganglion. |
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Term
| What is the therapeutic purpose of radioactive iodine, and why do we use it? |
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Definition
| It is to obliterate remaining thyroidal tissue after a thyroidectomy. The reason we use it is there can be small amounts of thyroid tissue most anywhere in the deck because of it's descent. |
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Term
| Through what structure does the thyroid descend? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the vasculature of the thyroid (arteries and veins) |
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Definition
Two arteries, three veins
Tyroid artery (branch of external carotid)
Inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk)
Veins: Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins |
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Term
| What are the nerve roots of the phrenic nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the parathyroid glands? |
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Definition
| Typically on the posterior of the thyroid. Two pairs at the top, two paris at the bottom. |
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Term
| What is the innervation of the thyroid? |
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Definition
Sympathetic innervation from the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglion.
There is no parasympathetic innervation |
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Term
| What nerve supplies the parasympathetic innervation to the thyroid? |
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Definition
| None. It only has sympathetic innervation. |
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Term
| Thyroid is deep to which muscles? |
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Definition
| Sternohyoid and sternothyroid |
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Term
| What veterbral level is Thyroid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thyroid is receives fascial covering by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the isthmus of the thyroid? |
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Definition
| Usually at 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings. It is anterior to them |
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Term
| If the thyroid has a third lobe, what is it called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Arteries and veins for thyroid are found between what two structures? |
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Definition
| Dense fibrous capsule and pretracheal fascia |
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Term
| At what level do you typically find the superior parathyroids? |
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Definition
| At the inferior border of cricoid cartilage. |
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Term
| Most of the lymphatic drainage of the thyroid is to which lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| Superficial cervical lymph nodes |
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Term
| Name the unpaired cartilages of the larynx |
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Definition
Laryngeal
Cricoid
Epiglottal |
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Term
| Name the paired cartilages of the larynx |
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Definition
Corniculate
Cuneiform
Arytenoid |
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Term
| Innervation of middle Scalene? |
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Definition
| anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves |
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Term
| Innervation of posterior scalene? |
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Definition
| Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves |
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Term
| Three layers of cervical viscera? |
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Definition
| Endocrine, Respiratory, and alimentary |
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Term
| Name the five muscles of phonation |
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Definition
Lateral cricoarytenoids
Posterior cricoarytenoids
Transverse Oblique arytenoids
Cricoarytenoids
transversarytenoid |
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Term
| Muscles that adduct the vocal cords |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscles that abduct the vocal cords |
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Definition
| Posterior cricoarytenoids |
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Term
| Muscles that approximate the vocal cords |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscles that tense the vocal cords |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscles that relax the vocal cords |
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Definition
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Term
| Of all the intrinsic muscles of phonation, which one is most superficial? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the false vocal folds and where are they? |
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Definition
| They are mucosal folds just inferior to the epiglottis and superior to the true vocal folds |
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Term
| Which muscles increase the pitch of the voice? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which muscles decrease the pitch of the voice? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which muscle is innervated with the extrinsic muscles of phonation? |
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Definition
| Cricothyroid. It is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve (branch of the superior laryngeal nerve) |
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Term
| What is the venous drainage of the larynx? |
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Definition
| Superior laryngeal --> Superior thyroid --> Internal Jugular Vein |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the muscles of phonation? |
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Definition
Inferior laryngeal nerve (branch of recurrent pharyngeal nerve)
All except cricothroid (external laryngeal nerve) |
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Term
| Describe the arterial supply to the larynx |
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Definition
Two arteries with three branches:
Superior thyroid artery----> Superior lanryngeal
\--> Cricothyroid
Inferior thyroid artery -----> cricothroid artery |
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Term
| What nerve supplies sensation to the larynx? |
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Definition
| External laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus) |
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Term
| Damage to which nerve can lead to a hoarse-sounding voice? |
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Definition
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Term
| You've got to do an emergency tracheotomy. Where are you going to cut? |
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Definition
| Between 2nd and 4th trachael ring spaces |
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Term
| What is the relationship between the pharynx and thyroid? |
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Definition
| Pharynx is superior to the thyroid |
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Term
| Uvula divides what structures? |
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Definition
| Nasopharynx and oropharynx |
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Term
| Describe the positions of the three constrictor muscles |
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Definition
| They are circular muscles and they overlap. Superior is deep to middle, which is deep to Inferior. Inferior is most superficial to prevent blockages. |
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Term
| Describe the three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx |
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Definition
Salpingoparhangeus (from pharyngotympanic tube)
Stylopharyngeus (from styloid process)
Palatopharyngeus (from hard palate) |
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Term
| Arterial supply of constrictor muscles of larynx? |
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Definition
| Facial artery (tonsular branch) |
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Term
| Arterial supply of internal muscles of larynx? |
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Definition
| Facial artery (tonsular branch) |
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Term
| Nerve supply of constrictor muscles of larynx? |
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Definition
| Vagus and laryngeal plexus |
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Term
| Nerve supply of internal muscles of larynx? |
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Definition
Vagus and laryngeal plexus
EXCEPT
Stylopharngeus (glossopharyngeal nerve) |
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Term
| Innervation of stylopharmgeus muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Attachment points of superior constrictor? |
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Definition
| Pterygoid hamulus and pterygomandibular raphe to posteriod midline pharygeal raphe and occipital bone |
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Term
| Attachment point of middle constrictor? |
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Definition
| Stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone to pharyngeal raphe |
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Term
| Attachment point of inferior constrictors |
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Definition
| tyroid and cricoid cartilage to pharyngoesophageal junction |
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Term
| Internal muscles of larynx come together at what point? |
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Definition
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Term
| The constrictors have four gaps. What passes superior to superior constrictor? |
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Definition
Levator veli palatini, pharyngotympanic tube, and ascending palatine artery.
Also pharyngobasillar fascia blends with the buccopharyngeal fascia to form the thin wall of the pharyngeal recess |
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Term
| The constrictors have four gaps. What passes superior to superior constrictor? |
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Definition
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Term
| The constrictors have four gaps. What passes between the superior and middle constrictors? |
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Definition
| Stylohydoid ligament and glossopharngeal nerve |
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Term
| The constrictors have four gaps. What passes between the middle and inferior constrictors? |
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Definition
| Internal laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal arteries |
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Term
| The constrictors have four gaps. What passes inferior to inferior constrictor? |
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Definition
| recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal artery |
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