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Anatomy of the Auditory System
Exam 1
22
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/03/2013

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Cards

Term
What sound freqs. does the pinna resonate to?
Definition
1800-2800 Hz (poss. up to 6KHz)
Term
What sound freqs. does the EAM resonate to?
Definition
3000-4800 Hz
Term
What sound freqs. does the TM respond to?
Definition
All across freq. spectrum
Term
What holds the stapes into the oval window?
Definition
Annular ligament
Term
What is the purpose and location of the pars tensa?
Definition
Purpose- stiffens to allow vibration of freqs. to occur

Location- Lower 2/3rds of TM
Term
What is the incudomalleolar joint?
Definition
The joint between the malleus and incus
Term
What is the incudostapedial joint?
Definition
The joint between the incus and stapes
Term
What is the purpose and location of the salpingo pharyngeus muscle?
Definition
Purpose- opens and closes proximal end of EU tube during swallowing/allows air exchange in middle ear cavity (MEC)

Location- sphincter muscle around proximal end of EU tube
Term
What is the purpose and location of the levator palatini muscle?
Definition
Purpose- elevates the soft palate in assisting swallowing.

Location- Sits inferior to EU tube and superior to palate
Term
The TM can vibrate in how many directions simultaneuously?
Definition
3. In a radial pattern, in patches >60 dBs, and back/forth
Term
Function of medial 2/3rds of TM?
Definition
protection, resonation, and pressure exchange
Term
Function of Eustachain Tube
Definition
Pressure equalization of middle ear and atmosphere
Term
Function of Tensor Tympani
Definition
1. Stiffens w/ lower freqs.
2. Relaxes w/ higher freqs.
3. Tones TM; makes sure lower freqs. don't drown out higher freqs.
4. Pulls on manubrium to stop vibrations of lower freqs. to allow high freqs. in
Term
Function of Stapedius
Definition
Protects hearing from loud sounds; muscle contract and holds stapes in place to protect cochlea
Term
Function of Pars Flaccida
Definition
Keeps TM from rupturing; takes slack during pressure changes
Term
Function of lateral 1/3 of EAM
Definition
Keeps EAM moist/ natural insecticide

Contains Celia and cerumen
Term
dB boosts with Auditory system
Definition
TM 10dB
Ossicles 10dB
Pinna 5-7dB
EAM 10dB
Tympanic Cavity 6dB
Term
When posterior localization is learned
Definition
6 months of age
Term
When lateral/lower localization is learned
Definition
2 months of age
Term
When upper/superior localization is learned
Definition
3 months
Term
Benefits of having 2 pinnae
Definition
1. Localization
2. Aesthetics
3. Gains in dB (5-7dB/ear)
Term
Tympanic ring
Definition
Groove in which TM sits and hold TM and malleus together by a mucous membrane
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