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Anatomy of Phonation
Exam 2
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/26/2012

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Term
Voiceless Phonemes
Definition
Speech sounds that are produced with out the vibration of the vocal folds
Term
Voiced Phonemes
Definition
Speech sounds that are produced with the vibration of the vocal folds
Term
Phonation/Voicing
Definition
The product of vibrating vocal folds
Term
Glottis
Definition
The space between the vocal folds
Term
Subglottal Region
Definition
Area below the vocal folds
Term
Larynx
Definition
Musculo-cartilaginous structure located at superior end of trachea that is involved in phonation and respiration
Term
Epiglottis
Definition
Covers the larynx to protect the air way during swallowing
Term
Cartilages of the Larynx
Definition
Cricoid, thyroid, arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform
Term
5 Layers of the Vocal Folds
Definition
Epithelium (1), lamina propria (2-4), thyrovocalis muscle (5)
Term
Lamina Propria
Definition
Middle layer of vocal folds consisting of 2 layers of elastin and a layer of collagen
Term
Vocal Ligament
Definition
The two innermost layers of the lamina propria; elastin and collagen
Term
Aditus
Definition
Entryway of larynx, marking entry to vestibule
Term
Function of Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Definition
Fine adjustments; opening, closing, tensing, or relaxing vocal folds; innervated by vagus
Term
Movements of the Arytenoid Cartilages
Definition
Rocking, gliding, rotation
Term
Rocking of Arytenoids
Definition
Permit vocal folds to approximate, come to midline
Term
Gliding of Arytenoids
Definition
Allows for changes in vocal fold length
Term
Rotation of Arytenoids
Definition
Allows for extreme abduction of vocal folds during forced inhalation/exhalation
Term
Function of Laryngeal and Hyoid Elevators and Depressors
Definition
Make major adjustments of larynx, such as elevating or depressing it; work in concert with articulatory gestures of tongue; important in safe swallowing
Term
Types of Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx
Definition
Adductors, abductors, tensors, and relaxers
Term
Adductor Muscles
Definition
Lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid
Term
Abductor Muscles
Definition
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Term
Tensor Muscles
Definition
Thyrovocalis, cricothyroid
Term
Relaxer Muscles
Definition
Thyromuscularis, superior thyroarytenoid
Term
Contraction of Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle
Definition
Pulls muscular process forward, adducting vocal folds
Term
Contraction of Transverse and Oblique Arytenoid Muscles
Definition
Pull arytenoids closer together, thereby supporting adduction
Term
Medial Compression
Definition
Refers to degree of force that may be applied by vocal folds at their point of contact; important for vocal intensity
Term
Contraction of Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle
Definition
Pulls muscular process posteriorly, rocking arytenoid cartilage out on its axis and abducting vocal folds
Term
Contraction of Cricothyroid Muscle
Definition
Primary tensor of vocal folds by rocking thyroid cartilage forward relative to cricoid; responsible for adjustment associated with pitch change
Term
Contraction of Thyrovocalis Muscle
Definition
Draws thyroid and cricoid cartilages farther apart in front; medial to vocal folds and tenses the vocal folds
Term
Contraction of Thyromuscularis Muscle
Definition
Relaxes vocal folds
Term
Vocal Hyperfunction
Definition
Excessive adductory force of vocal folds; can result in laryngitis, vocal nodules, contact ulcers, or vocal polyps
Term
Laryngeal Ventricle Space
Definition
Separates the ventricular folds and the vocal folds
Term
Arytenoid Apex
Definition
Top of arytenoid cartilages; attached to corniculate cartilage
Term
Muscular Process of Arytenoid
Definition
Point of attachment for muscles that adduct and abduct vocal folds
Term
Vocal Process of Arytenoid Cartilage
Definition
Attached to posterior portion of vocal folds
Term
Movement at the Cricothyroid Joint
Definition
Contraction tenses/lengthens vocal folds
Term
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Definition
Muscles that have both their origin and insertion on laryngeal cartilages
Term
Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Definition
Hyoid and laryngeal elevators and depressors
Term
Abdominal Fixation
Definition
The act of holding breath in your lungs and using your abdominal muscles for acts of "bearing down" i.e. giving birth
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