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Anatomy of a Skull
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39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/03/2014

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Cards

Term
What are sutures?
Definition
strips of fibrous tissue that outline and unite margins of bone
- jagged and immovable
Term
What bone is NOT connected by sutures?
Definition
the mandible (lower jaw)
Term
What are joints made of?
Definition
connective tissue or cartilage
Term
Why are sutures important in young animals?
Definition
- allows growth of the skull through extension of individual bones instead of one whole bone
Term
What is a foramina?
Definition
simple hole in a bone
Term
What are fissures?
Definition
grooves in a bone
Term
What is the orbit?
Definition
bony socket that protects the eye
Term
What are the two major divisions in the skull?
Definition
1. cranial
2. facial
Term
What are the main functions of the skull bone?
Definition
1. protects the brain and sense organs
2. forms passages for respiratory and digestive tracts
Term
What are the external bones of the skull?
Definition
- occipital
- interparietal
- parietal
- temporal
- frontal
Term
Why are they called external bones?
Definition
- all are at least partially visible on the skull
Term
What are the internal bones of the skull?
Definition
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
Term
Why are they called external bones?
Definition
have to at least partially open or disable the skull to see them
Term
Where is the occipital bone found?
Definition
- forms base of skull
- most caudal region
Term
What does the atlantooccipital joint connect and why?
Definition
- connects the occipital bone and the atlas (first cervical vertebrate)
- enables animal to nod its head
Term
What is the occipital condyle?
Definition
- rounded prominence of bone used for articulation with another bone
Term
Where are the temporal bones found?
Definition
- ventral to parietal bones
Term
What does the temporal bone contain?
Definition
- most of the ear structures
Term
What is the name of the joint that connects the temporal bone and the mandible?
Definition
temperomandibular joint or TMJ
Term
Describe the 2 joints that are formed with the mandible
Definition
1. lower joint - rotational movement (open and close)
2. upper joint - translational movement (side to side)
Term
Where are the frontal bones of the skull?
Definition
- forehead
- rostral to parietal bones
Term
What do the frontal bones form?
Definition
rostrolateral portion of the cranium and portion of orbit
Term
What does the sphenoid bone do?
Definition
- supports the brain
- houses pituitary
Term
What is the function of the ethmoid bone?
Definition
- site where branches of olfactory nerve pass through
Term
What does the premaxillary bone house?
Definition
- the upper incisors
** except in ruminants who have NO upper incisors
Term
What do the maxillary bones house?
Definition
- canines and cheek teeth
Term
When the maxillary bones are joined to palatine bones, what is formed?
Definition
- the hard palate
Term
What is the hard palate?
Definition
- bony separation between the mouth and nasal cavity
*roof of the mouth
Term
What is the lacrimal bone?
Definition
- forms medial portion of the orbit
Term
What arises from the zygomatic arch?
Definition
- masseter muscles needed for grinding forages
Term
What two bones are joined to form the zygomatic arch?
Definition
- zygomatic and temporal bones
Term
What is another word for mandible bone?
Definition
- lower jaw
Term
What does the mandible bone house?
Definition
- all lower teeth
Term
What is special about the mandible bone?
Definition
- it is the only moving skull bone
Term
What are the two regions of the mandible and what are their functions?
Definition
1. shaft/body - horizontal portion that houses teeth
2. ramus - vertical portion where jaw muscles are attached
Term
What is the coronoid process?
Definition
- where major muscles are attached
Term
What are the functions of the turbinate bones?
Definition
- warms and humidifies the air
- traps small particles
- role in sense of smell
Term
What is the axial region of the skeleton?
Definition
- bones of head and trunk
- appendages attached to midline or axis of the body
Term
What is the appendicular region of the skeleton?
Definition
- bones of the limbs or appendages of the trunk
- thoracic and pelvic limbs
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