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Anatomy of Articulation
Test 3
58
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/04/2012

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Term
Articulation for Speech
Definition
Process of bringing two or more moveable speech structures together to form sounds of speech
Term
Articulatory System
Definition
System of mobile and immobile articulators brought into contact for purpose of shaping sounds of speech
Term
Three Main Cavities
Definition
Pharyngeal, oral, nasal
Term
Facial Features of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Definition
Small eye openings, flat midface, upturned nose, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip
Term
Divisions of the Pharynx
Definition
Laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx
Term
Pharynx
Definition
Muscular tube beginning at superior opening of larynx and extending up to top of velopharyngeal port
Term
Rugae
Definition
Prominent ridges running laterally on the hard palate; potentially useful structures in formation of bolus of food
Term
Median Raphe
Definition
Divides the hard palate in half
Term
Velum
Definition
Moveable muscle mass separating oropharynx and nasopharynx
Term
Uvula
Definition
Projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate
Term
Buccal Cavities
Definition
Composed of the space between posterior teeth and cheeks of face; plays a role in oral resonance
Term
Occlusal Surface of Teeth
Definition
Contact surface between teeth of upper and lower arches
Term
Medial Surface of Teeth
Definition
Surface ‘looking’ along arch toward midline
Term
Distal Surface
Definition
Surface that is farthest from midline point
Term
Dental Occlusion
Definition
The process of bringing upper and lower teeth into contact
Term
Overjet
Definition
Normal projection of upper incisors beyond lower incisors in transverse plane
Term
Overbite
Definition
Normal overlap of upper incisors relative to lower incisors
Term
Class 1 Occlusion
Definition
Neutroclusion; considered normal relationship between molars of dental arches
Term
Class 2 Occlusion
Definition
Malocclusion; mandible is relatively retracted and small compared to the maxilla; sometimes product of micrognathia
Term
Class 3 Occlusion
Definition
Malocclusion; mandible is relatively protruded
Term
Gingiva
Definition
Consists of the mucosal tissue that lies over the mandible and maxilla inside the mouth.
Term
Tooth Enamel
Definition
The normally visible dental tissue of a tooth
Term
Tooth Dentin
Definition
A calcified tissue of the tooth body
Term
Dental Pulp
Definition
The center of a tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells
Term
Cementum
Definition
A specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth
Term
Adenoids
Definition
Pharyngeal tonsil; located in the posterior nasal cavity; removal from children with short or hypotrophied soft palates may result in persistent hypernasality
Term
Tonsil
Definition
Lymphoepithelial tissues; the immune system's first line of defense against ingested or inhaled foreign pathogens;
Term
Palatine Tonsils
Definition
Located on the sides of the oropharynx
Term
Eustachian/Auditory Tube
Definition
Allows any fluid to drain from middle ear cavity; equalizes air pressure between middle ear cavity and atmosphere
Term
Source-Filter Theory of Vowel Production
Definition
States that voicing source is generated by vocal folds and routed through vocal tract where it is shaped into a variety of vowel sounds by the shape and configuration of tongue, mandible, soft palate, and other articulators
Term
Vocal Tract
Definition
Consists of oral cavity, nasal cavity, and pharynx
Term
Resonant Frequency
Definition
Frequency of sound to which the cavity most effectively responds; varies with changes in vocal tract length
Term
Premaxillary Suture
Definition
Where cleft lip can occur
Term
Cleft Lip
Definition
May involve soft tissue alone, or include cleft of maxilla up to incisive foramen; unilateral or bilateral; appears to result from failure of embryonic facial and labial tissue to fuse during development
Term
Cleft Palate
Definition
May involve both hard and soft palates; If something blocks movement of tongue (micrognathia), palatine processes will not move in time to make contact
Term
Mandibular Hypoplasia/Micrognathia
Definition
A condition in which there is inadequate development of mandible
Term
Muscles of Mastications
Definition
Mandibular elevators, muscles of protrusion, and depressors
Term
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles
Definition
Have one point of attachment within tongue and other outside of tongue; move tongue into general region desired
Term
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Definition
Have both points of attachment within tongue; provide the fine, graded control
Term
Regions of the Tongue
Definition
Oral and pharyngeal regions
Term
Oral Region of the Tongue
Definition
Includes the tip, blade, and body (front and center portions)
Term
Pharyngeal Region on the Tongue
Definition
Includes the body (back/dorsum), and root
Term
Palatal Aponeurosis
Definition
Makes up mid-front portion of soft palate
Term
Lips
Definition
Comprised of muscle and mucous membrane that is richly invested with vascular supply; serve a significant articulatory function
Term
Orbicularis Oris Superior and Inferior
Definition
Act much like a drawstring to pull lips closer together and effect a labial seal; interact with muscles of face to produce wide variety of facial gestures
Term
Buccinator
Definition
Its purpose is to pull back the angle of the mouth and to flatten the cheek area, which aids in holding the cheek to the teeth during chewing, whistling, smiling, and sucking
Term
Muscles of the Face
Definition
Orbicularis oris, buccinator
Term
Pharyngeal Muscles
Definition
Superior pharyngeal constrictor, middle pharyngeal constrictor, inferior pharyngeal constrictor (cricopharyngeus/thyropharyngeus)
Term
Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor
Definition
Pulls pharyngeal wall forward; constricts pharyngeal diameter; assists in effecting velopharyngeal seal
Term
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
Definition
Narrows diameter of pharynx
Term
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor (Cricopharyngeus)
Definition
Constricts superior orifice of esophagus; an important muscle for swallowing
Term
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor (Thyropharyngeus)
Definition
Reduces diameter of lower pharynx
Term
Caries
Definition
Decay of soft or bony tissue
Term
Dental Alveoli
Definition
Sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held
Term
Lingual Frenulum
Definition
Small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue
Term
Median Fibrous Septum
Definition
Consists of a vertical layer of fibrous tissue, extending throughout the entire length of the median plane of the tongue
Term
Salpingopharyngeus
Definition
fibers of salpingopharyngeus intermingle with those of superior constrictor, providing assistance in elevation of pharyngeal wall
Term
Stylopharyngeus
Definition
assists in elevation of pharynx
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