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Anatomy of Abdomen
Terms and definitions for anatomical structures of the abdomen
64
Anatomy
Not Applicable
07/05/2012

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Term
Mesentery
Definition
Double layer of peritoneum that connects an intraperitoneal organ to the abdominal wall (e.g. small intestine, large intestine, appendix, and esophagus). Results from invagination of peritoneum by the organ.
Term
Greater Omentum
Definition
Apron-like peritoneal fold that hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
Term
Omentum
Definition
Double-layered extension of peritoneum that passes from the stomach to adjacent organs of abdominal cavity
Term
Lesser Omentum
Definition
Double-layered peritoneal fold that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
Term
Peritoneal Ligament
Definition
Consists of a double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ to another organ or to the abdominal wall
Term
Gastrosplenic Ligament
Definition
Peritoneal ligament connecting greater curvature of the stomach to the spleen
Term
Gastrocolic Ligament
Definition
Peritoneal ligament connecting greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon
Term
Gastrohepatic Ligament
Definition
Peritoneal ligament connecting the lesser curvature of stomach to the liver
Term
Hepatoduodenal Ligament
Definition
Portion of lesser omentum connecting liver to duodenum that conducts the portal triad (portal vein, hepatic artery, and common bile duct)
Term
Gastrophrenic Ligament
Definition
Peritoneal ligament that attaches the stomach to the inferior border of the diaphragm
Term
Phrenicocolic Ligament
Definition
Peritoneal ligament that attaches the left colic flexure to the thoracic diaphragm, which by doing so, actually supports the spleen
Term
Bare Areas
Definition
Site(s) on each abdominal organ that are free of visceral peritoneum so as to allow for the entry or exit of neurovascular structures
Term
Peritoneal Fold
Definition
Reflection of peritoneum that is raised from body wall and typically house blood vessels (Think: umbilical folds in perineum)
Term
Peritoneal Recess
Definition
Pouch of peritoneum formed by peritoneal fold
Term
Supracolic Compartment
Definition
Peritoneal cavity superior to the transverse mesocolon that contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, and spleen
Term
Infracolic Compartment
Definition
Peritoneal cavity inferior to the transverse mesocolon that contains the ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, cecum, and lower small intestines
Term
Paracolic Gutters
Definition
Grooves between the lateral aspects of the large intestine that permit free communication between the supracolic and infracolic divisions of peritoneal cavity
Term
Omental Bursa
Definition
Sac-like cavity posterior to the stomach that allows for free movement of stomach
Term
Omental Foramen
Definition
Communication between omental bursa and greater peritoneal sac at the site of the hepatoduodenal ligament
Term
Esophagus
Definition
Muscular tube approximately 25 cm long that conveys food from the pharynx to the stomach and has three normal constrictions (cervical, thoracic, and diaphragmatic)
Term
Phrenicoesophageal Ligament
Definition
Attachment between the esophagus and esophageal margin of diaphragm that provides for independent movement between these two structures
Term
Esophagogastric Junction
Definition
Site where the esophagus and stomach meet at the level of the T1 vertebra (cardiac orifice)
Term
Z-Line
Definition
Jagged demarcation resulting from the abrupt change in mucosa from esophageal to gastric
Term
Inferior Esophageal Sphincter
Definition
Musculature in the esophagus just superior to the z-line that prevents gastric juices from backflowing into the esophagus and actually causes food to momentarily pause here before entering the stomach
Term
Stomach
Definition
Expanded part of ailmentary tract between the esophagus and small intestine that is specialized for the accumulation of food and enzymatic digestoion of this food into chyme
Term
Cardia
Definition
Part of stomach surrounding the cardiac orifice near the esophagogastric junction
Term
Fundus
Definition
Dilated superior part of the stomach that reaches as high as the 5th intercostal space
Term
Body
Definition
Major part of the stomach that comprises most of this organ
Term
Pyloric Part
Definition
Funnel-shaped outflow region of the stomach
Term
Pyloric Antrum
Definition
Wide part of the pylorus that channels chyme into the pyloric canal
Term
Pyloric Sphincter
Definition
Thickening of the circular layer of smooth muscle immediately after the pyloric canal that controls the discharge of chyme into the duodenum
Term
Lesser Curvature of Stomach
Definition
Forms the shorter, concave border of the stomach nearest to the liver
Term
Greater Curvature of Stomach
Definition
Forms the longer, convex border of the stomach nearest to the spleen
Term
Angular Incisure
Definition
Sharp indentation two-thirds of the way down on the lesser curvature that provides visual marker for junction of pylorus and body of stomach
Term
Gastric Rugae (Folds)
Definition
Longitudinal ridges of gastric mucosa lining the stomach that protects the stomach from gastric acid and are mainly seen during peristalsis
Term
Gastric Canal
Definition
Temporary formation created by gastric mucosa along the lesser curvature of the stomach that is only noticeable when stomach is empty (distended)
Term
Bed of the Stomach
Definition
Structures forming the posterior wall of the omental bursa on which the stomach rests in the supine position
Term
Celiac Trunk
Definition
Arterial supply arising from the abdominal aorta that bifurcates to distribute arteries to most the stomach indirectly
Term
Left Gastric Artery
Definition
Branch off of the celiac trunk that follows the lesser curvature of the stomach to supply the esophagus
Term
Splenic Artery
Definition
Main branch off of the celiac trunk that runs on posterior surface of stomach to the spleen, giving off several small branches in the process
Term
Left Gastroepiploic Artery
Definition
Brach from splenic artery that runs along greater curvature of the stomach and eventually anastamoses with right arterial counterpart
Term
Right Gastroepiploic Artery
Definition
Branch from the gastroduodenal artery that covers the right portion of the greater curvature of stomach and later anastamoses with left counterpart
Term
Short Gastric Artery
Definition
Small branch off of splenic artery that supplies arterial blood to the fundus of the stomach
Term
Hepatic Artery
Definition
Branch arising from celiac trunk that passes through the portal triad and upon its exit from triad, bifurcates in the left and right common branches
Term
Gastroduodenal Artery
Definition
Branches off of hepatic artery aand passes posterior to the gastroduodenal junction to provide blood to the stomach, bile duct, and beginning of duodenum
Term
Pancreaticoduodenal Artery
Definition
Branches off of gastroduodenal artery which divides into inferior and posterior arteries to supply both the duodenum and pancreas
Term
Right Gastric Artery
Definition
Branch of the hepatic artery that runs along the lesser curvature of the stomach and supplies pyloric part of stomach
Term
Left and Right Gastric Veins
Definition
Parallel the left and right gastric arteries to drain lesser curvature of stomach to the hepatic portal vein
Term
Short Gastric Vein
Definition
Drains the fundus of the stomach to the splenic vein
Term
Left Gastroepiploic Vein
Definition
Drains left portion of the greater curvature of stomach to splenic vein
Term
Splenic Vein
Definition
Runs alongside the splenic artery and joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the hepatic portal vein
Term
Right Gastroepiploic Vein
Definition
Drains the right portion of the greater curvature of stomach to the superior mesenteric vein
Term
Anterior Vagal Trunk (CN X)
Definition
Derived from the left vagus nerve and courses along the lesser curvature where it gives off hepatic and duodenal branches early, gastric branches later
Term
Posterior Vagal Trunk (CN X)
Definition
Derived from the right vagus nerve and also runs on lesser curvature of stomach to give rise to the celiac plexus and supply innervation to both the anterior and poster surfaces of the stomach
Term
Small Intestine
Definition
The primary site of absorption of nutrients from ingested materials that consists of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Term
Duodenum
Definition
First, widest, and shortest (25 cm) part of the small intestine that runs a C-shaped course around the head of the pancreas to end at the level of the L2 vertebra with the duodenojejunal junction
Term
Superior Part of Duodenum (First Part)
Definition
Ascends from the pylorus and is overlapped by the liver and gallbladder, with the hepatoduodenal ligament also attached
Term
Ampulla
Definition
First 2 cm of the superior part of duodenum that possesses mesentery (only portion of duodenum that does) and is mobile as a result
Term
Descending Part of Duodenum (Second Part)
Definition
Portion of small intestine that runs inferiorly and curves around the head of the pancreas
Term
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla (Ampulla of Vater)
Definition
Union of the bile and pancreatic ducts that regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum at major duodenal papilla
Term
Inferior Part of Duodenum (Third Part)
Definition
Part of small intestine that runs transversely below the pancreas and passes over the aorta, IVC, and L3 vertebra
Term
Ascending Part of Duodenum (Fourth Part)
Definition
Segment of the small intestine that runs superiorly and along the left side of the aorta to join with the jejunum
Term
Duodenojejunal Flexure
Definition
The acute angle that is formed by the junction of the duodenum and jejunum
Term
Ligament of Treitz (Suspensory Muscle of the Duodenum)
Definition
Periotneal fold from the diaphragm that supports the attachment of the duodenum and jejunum and facilitates movement of intestinal contents from these two small intestinal segments. Contraction of the muscle widens the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure and allows food to pass easily into the jejunum
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