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Anatomy Nerve Lesions
KYCOM Block 4
55
Anatomy
Graduate
11/28/2012

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Cards

Term
what does the pattern of nerve damage for an injury depend on, why
Definition
injury, nerve, location because most muscles are innervated by many spinal nerves
Term
what are acute nerve injuries caused by
Definition
traction, pressure, division (cut)
Term
what is traction
Definition
a pull that breaks a rips a nerve from the root
Term
what causes chronic nerve injuries
Definition
tumor, hematoma of tissue around it
Term
what part of the brachial plexus is located in the posterior triangle
Definition
roots, trunks, divisions
Term
what part of the brachial plexus is located in the axilla
Definition
cords, branches
Term
what is the disease name for an upper root lesion
Definition
erb duchenne palsy
Term
what motion causes erb duchenne palsy
Definition
stretch neck and shoulder apart, fell from motorcycle, horse, birth injury
Term
what roots are effected in erb duchenne palsy, how
Definition
traction of C5 and C6
Term
what nerves are impaired in erb duchenne palsy
Definition
suprascapular, musculocutanous, axillary
Term
what muscles are impaired in erb duchenne palsy
Definition
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis, deltoid teres minor
Term
what are the symptoms of erb duchenne palsy
Definition
arm hangs limp, medially rotated, pronation, loss of sensation on lateral arm
Term
what is the difference in erb duchenne palsy if the radial nerve happens to be involved
Definition
wrist flexes creating waitors tip
Term
what is the disease that has a lower root lesion
Definition
klupumke palsy
Term
what motion causes klupumke palsy
Definition
excessive abduction, grabing onto something up high when falling
Term
what nerves are affected in klupumke palsy
Definition
tear in T1 (maybe C8) roots affecting ulnar and median N
Term
what are the symptoms of klupumke palsy
Definition
small muscles of hands lost, hyperextension of metacarpalphalangeals, flexion of interphalangeals (claw hand), loss of sensation in median arm
Term
what is the cause of claw hand
Definition
lumbricals and interossei are not opposed by the flexor compartment anymore
Term
what symptoms does damage to the long thoracic nerve cause
Definition
cant raise arm above head, winged scapula
Term
what muscle does damage to the long thoracic nerve affect
Definition
serratus anterior
Term
what can damage the serratus anterior
Definition
removing pecs, surgical injury, pressure in neck, stab in chest
Term
what nerve roots is the axillary nerve associated with
Definition
C5-6
Term
how can the axillary nerve be damaged
Definition
pporly adjusted crutch, dislocation of shoulder, fracture of humerus surgical neck, humerus dislocation
Term
what muscles does damage to the axillary nerve affect
Definition
deltoid, teres minor
Term
what are the symptoms of damage to the axillary nerve
Definition
loss of sensation in lower deltoid, deltoid atrophy, abduction impaired
Term
in general, where are the branches of the radial nerve in relation to the structures they innervate
Definition
proximal
Term
what causes damage to the axillary part of the radial nerve
Definition
pressure from a crutch, falling asleep with arm over chair, fracture or dislocation of humerus
Term
what muscles are effected by a radial nerve axillary injury
Definition
triceps, aconeus, extensors of the wrist
Term
what are the symptoms of a radial nerve injury in the axillary region
Definition
cant extend elbow at wrist, wrist drop, sensory loss from posterior cutanous nerve of arm and forearm and lateral dorsum of the hand and 3 fingers
Term
what is wrist drop
Definition
cannot grasp firmly because on is in complete flexion
Term
what causes a radial nerve injury by the spiral groove
Definition
fracture of the humerus shaft
Term
what are the symptoms of a radial nerve injury at the spiral groove
Definition
wrist drop, dorsum of hand and 3 fingers sensory loss
Term
what are the causes of damage to the radial nerve deep branch
Definition
fracture of the proximal radius, dislocation of the radial head
Term
what are the symptoms of damage to the radial nerve deep branch
Definition
motor function lost to extensor muscles, no sensory loss of wrist drop
Term
why doesnt damage to the radial nerve deep branch cause wrist drop
Definition
because the extensor carpi radialis still has function
Term
what causes damage to the superificial branch of the radial nerve
Definition
stab, incision, laceration
Term
what are the symptoms of injury to the superificial branch of the radial nerve
Definition
loss of sensory to the hand dorsum and 3 fingers
Term
when would the musculocutanous nerve be injured
Definition
it really wouldnt, it is hard to injur alone
Term
what muscles does the medial nerve supply
Definition
front of forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial flexor digitorum profundus, palmer cutanous, thrnar eminence, lumbricals 1-2
Term
what causes an injury to the median nerve at the elbow
Definition
supracondylar fracture of the humerus
Term
what muscles are affected in a median nerve injury at the elbow
Definition
biceps pull it forward, loose pronators and flexors of fiingers
Term
what are the symptoms of a median nerve injury at the elbow
Definition
supination, adducted because of flexor carpi ulnaris, lateral rotation and adduction of the thumb (ape hand), atrophy, eminence flatens, loss of sensation to palmm and palmer aspect of the lateral 3 fingers
Term
what causes injury to the median N at the wrist
Definition
stab or larceration
Term
what are the symptoms of injury to the median nerve at the wrist
Definition
loss of thenar eminence muscles (ape hand), lumbricals 1-2. sensory loss
Term
what causes carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
compression on the median nerve
Term
what are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
burning, pins and needles, thenar weakness, no cutanous loss
Term
what is a test for carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
decompression gives lots of improvement
Term
where does injury to the ulnar nerve at the elbow
Definition
below the medial condyle (the funny bone)
Term
what causes injury of the ulnar nerve at the elbow
Definition
fracture of medial condyle
Term
what does the ulnar nerve innervate
Definition
flexor carpi ulnaris, medial flexor digiforum profundus
Term
what are the symptoms of damage to the ulnar nerve at the elbow
Definition
cant flex terminal phalanges, wrist flexion weak, abduction, cannot abduct or adduct fingers, half claw hand on fingers 4-5
Term
what loose innervation if the ulnar nerve is injured at the elbow
Definition
except thenar and lumbricals 1+2 the hand is lost, loss of sensation in last fingers
Term
what are the symptoms of injury to the ulnar artery at the wrist
Definition
small hand muscles paralyzed, claw hand, sensory loss
Term
what sensory nerves are not affected when the ulnar nerve is injured at the wrist
Definition
post cutanous nerve and palmer cutanous
Term
why is the claw hand when ulnar nerve is damaged at the wrist
Definition
because flexor digitorum profundus is not paralyzed
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