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Anatomy Neck
KYCOM Block 3
224
Anatomy
Graduate
10/15/2012

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Cards

Term
where does the right common carotid artery originate
Definition
brachiocephalic trunk posterior to subclavian joint
Term
where does the left common carotid artery originate
Definition
aortic arch in superior mediastinum
Term
what surrounds the carotid artery
Definition
carotid sheath
Term
where does the carotid artery divide
Definition
upper border of the thyroid cartilage
Term
what does the carotid artery divide into
Definition
external and internal carotid arttery
Term
what is in the carotid sheath (also give their orientation to the carotid)
Definition
carotid artery, juggular vein (lateral), vagus nerve (between vessels), internal juggular vein (posterior)
Term
what is the carotid sinus, where is it located
Definition
the terminal part of the carotid artery and begining of the internal carotid artery, a local dilation
Term
what does the carotid sinus contain
Definition
nerve endings, many from the glossopharyngeal nerve, that are baroreceptors
Term
what are baroreceptors
Definition
nerve endings that respond to changes in blood pressure
Term
what is the carotid body, where is it located
Definition
highly vascular epithelial structure at the carotid bifurcation
Term
what does the carotid body contain
Definition
nerve endings, mostly glossopharyngeal, that are chemoreceptors
Term
what are chemoreceptors
Definition
nerve endings that respond to chemical changes in blood (O2, CO2, pH)
Term
what triangle of the neck does the external carotid ascend through
Definition
carotid triangle
Term
after passing through the carotid triangle, where does the external carotid go? describe its location in relation to the muscles. how does it then end?
Definition
deep to posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid and terminates in the parotid gland, posterior to the neck of the mandible dividing into superificial temporal and maxillary
Term
what are the anterior branches of the external carotid
Definition
superior thyroid, lingual, facial arteries
Term
what are the posterior branches of the external carotid
Definition
occipital, posterior auricular
Term
what are the medial branches of the external carotid
Definition
ascending pharyngeal
Term
what are the terminal branches of the external carotid
Definition
superficial temporal and maxillary
Term
what does the superior thyroud supply blood to
Definition
upper lobe of thyroid gland
Term
what branches off the superior thyroid artery
Definition
superior laryngeal artery
Term
what pierces the thyrohyoid membrane
Definition
superior laryngeal artery and internal laryngeal nerve
Term
what bone marks the spot of origin of the lingual artery from the external carotid
Definition
greater horn of the hyoid
Term
what crosses the initial segment of the lingual artery
Definition
hypoglossus nerve
Term
what is the relation of the lingual artery to the hypoglossus muscle
Definition
deep to it
Term
what does the lingual artery supply
Definition
tounge
Term
where does the facial artery originate in relation to the lingual
Definition
immediatly above or in a common trunk with it on the external carotid
Term
describe the path of the facial artery from its point of origin to the face (in relation to muscles and bones)
Definition
deep to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid, then arches over them and the submandibular gland, curves around inferior border of mandible, enters face
Term
right before the facial artery enters the face, it gives off a bunch of branches. what do they supply?
Definition
pharynx, soft palate, palatine tonsil, submandibular gland, neighboring muscles
Term
what muscle does the occipital artery originate near
Definition
from the external carotid near the posterior belly of the digastric
Term
describe the path of the occipital artery through the muscles on its way to its terminal branches
Definition
superior and deep to the posterior belly of the digastric and mastoid process
Term
what do the terminal branches of the occipital artery accompany
Definition
branches of greater occpital nerve
Term
what do the branches of the occipital artery supply
Definition
posterior scalp, auricle, middle ear, mastoid air cells, cranial dura mater, neighboring muscles
Term
what muscles does the posterior auricular artery originate near
Definition
from the external carotid near the posterior belly of the digastric
Term
what notch, or collection of bones, does the posterior auricular artery pass through
Definition
between cartilage of externa acoustic meatus and mastoid process
Term
what does the posterior auricular artery supply
Definition
auricle, middle ear, scalp above and behind the ear, parotid gland, neighboring muscles
Term
what is the smallest branch of the external carotid
Definition
ascending pharyngeal artery
Term
on what wall does the ascending pharyngeal artery ascend, what is its relation to the internal carotid artery
Definition
pharyngeal wall to cranial base, medial
Term
what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply
Definition
pharynx, soft palate, palatine tonsil, middle ear, cranial dura mater
Term
where does the superificial temporal artery ascend in relation to the ear, what accompanies it
Definition
anterior with the auriculotemporal nerve, superificial temporal vein,
Term
where does the superificial temporal nerve pass on the zygomatic process
Definition
lateral to the root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
Term
what does the superificial temporal artery supply
Definition
frontal, temporal, parietal regions of the scalp, parotid gland, external ear, face, temporomandibular joint
Term
what is the largest terminal branch of the external carotid
Definition
maxillary artery
Term
describe the path of the maxillary artery from its branch point to termination
Definition
anterior and deep to the neck of the mandible, through the infratemporal fossa, terminates in the pterygopalatine fossa
Term
what does the maxillary artery supply
Definition
external and middle ear, cranial dura mater, upper and lower taath and gingiva, muscles of mastication, face, hard and soft palate, palatine tonsil, nasal cavity
Term
what collects most of the venous blood from the head and neck
Definition
internal juggular vein
Term
where does the internal juggular vein begin
Definition
jugular foramen as a continuation of hte sigmoid sinus
Term
where does the internal jugular end
Definition
posterior to the sternoclavicular joint, where it joins subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein
Term
what nodes follow the juggular vein
Definition
deep cervical
Term
what is significant about the upper and lower ends of the internal juggular vein
Definition
they are dilated, the superior and inferior bulbs
Term
what are the tributaries of the internal juggular vein
Definition
inferior petrosal sinus and sigmoid sinus, lingual vein, pharyngeal veins, facial vein, superior and middle thyroud vein, occipital vein
Term
what leave the cranial cavity via jugular foramen and drain into the superior bulb of the internal juggular vein
Definition
inferior petrosal sinus and sigmoid sinus
Term
what is the right subclavian artery posterior to
Definition
stenroclavicular joint
Term
what is the left subclavian artery a branch of
Definition
aortic arch
Term
what is the subclavian divided into parts by
Definition
scalenus anterior
Term
where is the first part of the subclavian
Definition
from orogin to medial border of scalenus anterior
Term
where is the second part of the subclavian
Definition
posterior to the scalenus anterior
Term
where is the third part of the subclavian
Definition
from the lateral border of the scalenus anterior to the border of rib 1, where it becomes continous with axillary artery
Term
what are the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery
Definition
vertebral artery thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic artery
Term
what are the branches of the second part of the subclavian artery
Definition
costocervical trunk (may originate from the first part)
Term
what are the branches of the 3rd part of the subclavian
Definition
gives rise to dorsal scapular artery or may have no branches
Term
where does the vertebral artery originate
Definition
1st part of the aubclavian artery
Term
what are the parts of the vertebral artery
Definition
1. prevertebral 2. cervical 3. atlantic 4. intercranial
Term
where does the first part of the vertebral artery end
Definition
transverse forament of C6
Term
what muscles does the first part of the vertebral artery run between
Definition
longus colli and scalenus anterior
Term
what is posterior to the first part of the vertebral artery
Definition
cervical sympathetic ganglion
Term
where does the second part of the vertebral artery begin and end
Definition
C6-C1
Term
what does the second part of the vertebral artery run anterior to
Definition
ventral rami of corresponding spinal nerves
Term
what artery is in the middle of the suboccipital triangle
Definition
atlantic part of the vertebral artery
Term
describe the path of the atlantic part of the vertebral artery
Definition
runs medially, posterior to lateral mass of the atlantis and enter vertebral canal passing under posterior atlant-ooccipital membrane, it lies within groove on superior surface of posterior arch of atlas
Term
what is the major arterial supply to the brain stem
Definition
intercranial part of the vertebral artery
Term
describe the path of the intercranial part of hte vertebral artery
Definition
pierces dura mater and arachnoid and ascends into cranial cavity within subarachnoid space via foramen magnum
Term
what part of the vertebral artery gives off its major branches
Definition
intercranial
Term
what branches does the cervical part of the vertebral artery give off
Definition
small muscular and spinal
Term
where does the thyrocervical trunk originate
Definition
from the first part of the subclavian artery just medial to the scalenus anterior muscle and opposite the origin of the internal thoracic artery
Term
how does the thyrocervical trunk end
Definition
divides into inferior thyroid, superificial cervicial and suprascapular arteries
Term
what does the inferior thyroid artery supply
Definition
larynx, trachea, pharynx, esophagus, thyroid, parathyroid
Term
describe the path of the thyrocervical trunk to the thyroid gland
Definition
ascends to level of cricoid cartilage and arches medially, posterior to carotid sheath to reach lower part of lobe of thyroid gland
Term
what is the iferior thyroid artery next to
Definition
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Term
where does the ascending cervical artery originate from, at what location
Definition
from the inferior thyroid artery and arches medially
Term
describe the path of the ascending cervical artery
Definition
ascends on scalenus anterior and supplies adjacent muscles, gives 1-2 spinal branches
Term
what does the transverse cervical artery run anterior to
Definition
scalenus anterior, phrenic nerve, brachial plexus
Term
what does the transverse cervical artery supply
Definition
muscles of upper back
Term
if the dorsal scapular originates from the artery off the thyrocervical trunk that is the artery called
Definition
transverse cervical
Term
if dorsal scapular originates from the subclavian artery, what is the branch of the thyrocervical trunk called
Definition
superificial cervical
Term
what does the suprascapular artery branch off of
Definition
thyrocervical trunk
Term
what is the relationship in location between the suprascapular artery and the transverse cervical artery
Definition
suprascapular is parappel and inferior to it
Term
what does the suprascapular artery supply
Definition
muscles on posterior aspect of scapula
Term
where does the costocervical trunk originate
Definition
2nd part of the subclavian artery
Term
what does the costocervical trunk pass over before it divides
Definition
posteriorly over cervical pleura
Term
where does the costocervical trunk divide
Definition
1st rib
Term
what does the costocervical trunk divide into
Definition
supreme intercostal artery, deep cervical artery
Term
describe the path of the supreme intercostal artery
Definition
descends in front of neck of 1st and 2nd ribs and gives off posterior intercostal arteries of upper 2 intercostal spaces
Term
describe the path of the deep cervical artery
Definition
passes posterior between transverse process of C7 and neck of rib 1, ascends between semispinalis capitis and semispinalis cervicis muscles
Term
how does the deep cervical artery end
Definition
anastomoses with branch of occipital artery
Term
what does the deep cervical artery supply
Definition
deep muscles of the back of neck
Term
where does the dorsal scapular originate
Definition
from transverse cervical or subclavian artery (usually part 3)
Term
describe the path of the dorsal scapular artery
Definition
passes through brachial plexus, passes deep to levator scapulae to superior angle of the scapula, descends along medial border of scapula, deep to rhomboid muscles
Term
what does the dorsal scapular artery run next to near its end
Definition
dorsal scapular nerve
Term
what does the dorsal scapular artery supply
Definition
neighboring muscles
Term
how does the dorsal scapular muscle end
Definition
anastomoses with suprascapular artery and subscapular artery
Term
what is the subscapular artery a branch of
Definition
axillary artery
Term
where does the subclavian vein begin
Definition
lateral border for rib 1
Term
what is the aubclavian artery a continuation of
Definition
axillary vein
Term
describe the path of the subclavian artery
Definition
over rib 1, anterior and slightly inferior to subclavian artery
Term
how does the subclavian vein end, where
Definition
posterior to sternoclavicular joint joins internal juggular vein forming bracheocaphalic vein
Term
what is the tributiary of the subclavian vein
Definition
external juggular vein
Term
what type of fibers does the vagus nerve contain
Definition
sensory and motor
Term
what type of nerve is the vagus nerve
Definition
a mixed nerve
Term
what is the vagus nerve between in the carotid sheath superiorly
Definition
internal juggular vein and internal carotid artery
Term
what is the vagus nerve between in the carotid sheath inferiorly
Definition
internal juggular vein and common carotid artery
Term
what are the sensory ganglia of the vagus nerve
Definition
superior and inferior ganglion
Term
where is the superior ganglion
Definition
on the vagus nerve within the juggular foramen
Term
where is the inferior ganglion
Definition
on the vagus nerve just inferior to the jugular foramen
Term
where does the vagus nerve branch
Definition
within the juggular foramen
Term
what does the cagus nerve branch into in the juggular foramen
Definition
meningel and auricular branch
Term
what does the memingeal nerve supply
Definition
dura mater of posterior cranial fossa
Term
what does the auricular nerve supply
Definition
auricle, external scoustic meatus, tympanic membrane
Term
what does the auricular nerve run within
Definition
temporal bone
Term
what are the branches of the vagus nerve in the neck
Definition
pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, cardiac, righ recurrent laryngeal
Term
what does the pharyngeal nerve supply
Definition
motor innrvation to tmost muscles of the pharynx and soft palate
Term
what forms the pharyngeal plexus
Definition
pharyngeal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and superior cervical ganglion
Term
what does the superior laryngeal divide into
Definition
internal and external laryngeal nerves
Term
what type of innervation is the internal laryngeal nerve
Definition
sensory
Term
what type of innervation is the external laryngeal nerve
Definition
motor
Term
what does the internal laryngeal nerve pierce, what goes with it
Definition
the thyrohyoid membrane with the superior laryngeal vessels
Term
what does the internal laryngeal nerve supply
Definition
mucosa o laryngopharynx,larynx, posterior tounge
Term
what does the external laryngeal nerve supply
Definition
circothyroid muscle, part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Term
where do the cardiac branches of the laryngeal nerve end
Definition
cardial plexus in the thorax
Term
describe the path or relations to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve
Definition
curves around inferior aspect of right subclavian artery close to its origin, ascends to larynx in groove between trachea and eshopagus on right side
Term
what type of fibers does the accessory nerve have
Definition
motor
Term
what nerve number is the accessory nerve
Definition
CN11
Term
histoircally, what is said to form the accessory nerve
Definition
cranial and spinal roots joining
Term
in reality waht forms the accessory nerve
Definition
spinal root
Term
why is the cranial root considered, by some, to be part of the cranial nerve
Definition
it runs with it but really is part of the vagus nerve
Term
where does the accessory nerve originate from
Definition
C1-5
Term
where does the accessory nerve ascend, what is it posterior to
Definition
in the vertebral canal, posterior to the denticulate ligament
Term
describe the path of the accessory nerves going in and out of the skull
Definition
originates C1-5 (out), ascends in vertebral canal, enters posterior cranial fossa through foramen magnum (in), exits posterior cranial fossa through juggular foramen (out)
Term
after the vagus nerve finally exits the skill, what its its path
Definition
descends lateral to the internal juggular vein, enters deep surface of sternonucleomastoid and supplies it, emerges over midpoint of posterior border of sternonucleomastoid, crosses posterior triangle of neck of levator scapulae, disspiears under anterior border of trapezius and supplies it
Term
what type of fibers does the hypoglosseal nerve have
Definition
motor
Term
what does the hypoglosseal nerve supply
Definition
tounge muscles
Term
where does the hypoglosseal nerve originate
Definition
medulla oblongata
Term
where does the hypoglosseal nerve exit the skull
Definition
hypoglosseal canal
Term
after exiting the skull, what does the hypoglosseal nerve descend between, when does this relationship end
Definition
internal carotid artery and internal juggular vein until the angle of mandible
Term
after reaching the angle of the mandible what does the hypoglosseal nerve do
Definition
curves around occipiral artery and turns forward
Term
after the hypoglosseal curves around occipiral artery and turns forward, where does it go
Definition
runs anterior to the tounge, superificial to the external carotid, deep to posterior belly of the digastric, stylohoid, mylohyoid muscles
Term
at what location is the hypoglosseal nerve joined by cervical nerves, which ones
Definition
opposite the atlas it is joined by ventral remi of C1-2
Term
what do the ventral rami of C1-2 that join the hypoglosseal nerve supply
Definition
motor innervation to infrahyoir muscles and geniohyoid, and sensory information to dura mater of posterior cranial fossa
Term
what are the branches of the hypoglosseal nerve
Definition
meningeal branch, upper root of ansa cervicalis, nerves to thyrohyoid and geniohyoid, terminal branches
Term
where does the meningeal branch of the hypoglosseal nerve branch at
Definition
hypoglosseal canal
Term
what does the meningeal branch of the hypoglosseal nerve supply
Definition
dura mater of posterior cranial fossa
Term
what fibers does the meningeal branch of the hypoglosseal nerve contain
Definition
sensory fibers from C1-2
Term
what fibers does the upper root of the ansa cervicalis contain
Definition
C1 motor
Term
what fibers do the nerves to the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid contain
Definition
c1 motor
Term
what do the derminal branches of the hypoglosseal nerve supply
Definition
intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tounge except the palatoglossus
Term
what fibers do the terminal branches of the hypoglosseal nerves contain
Definition
true hypoglosseal
Term
what is the cervical sympathetic trunk between
Definition
posterior to carotid sheath and anterior to pervertebral muscles
Term
what white communicating rami does the cervical sympathetic trunk recieve
Definition
none
Term
where do the preganglionic fibers for the cervical sympathetic trunk originate from
Definition
upper 4 thoracic segments
Term
what are the ganglia of the cervical sympathetic trunk
Definition
superior, middle, inferior cervical ganglia, sometimes a 4th vertebral ganglia
Term
if existant, what is the vertebral cervical ganglia located by
Definition
anterior aspect of vertebral artery close to its origin
Term
what kind of fibers to all cervical ganglia contain
Definition
postganglionic
Term
what is the largest cervical ganglion
Definition
superior cervical
Term
what are the branches of the superior cervical ganglia
Definition
internal carotid nerve, external carotid nerve, gray communicating rami to C1-4, pharyngeal branches, superior cervical cardiac nerve
Term
what is the upward continuation of the superior cervical ganglia
Definition
internal carotid nerve
Term
what does the internal carotid nerve divide into
Definition
branches that form plexus around internal carotid artery and its branches
Term
what does the external carotid nerve join
Definition
external carotid artery forming a plexus around it and its branches
Term
what does the pharyngeal branches of the superior cervical ganglia join
Definition
pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves to form pharyngeal plexus
Term
where does the superior cervical cardiac nerve end
Definition
cardiac plexus
Term
what is the smallest cervical ganglion
Definition
middle
Term
where does the middle cervical ganglion connonly lie
Definition
at level of cricoid cartilage, close to arch of inferior thyroid artery
Term
what are the branches of the middle cervical ganglion
Definition
gray communicating rami for spinal nerves C5-6, middle cervical cardiac nerve, thyroid branches
Term
where does the middler cervical cardiac nerve end
Definition
cardiac plexus
Term
what do the thyroid branches of the middle cervical ganglia follow, where do they end
Definition
the inferior thyroid artery to the thyroid gland
Term
what does the inferior cervical ganglion commonly fuse with
Definition
first thoracic ganglion to form cervicothoracici (stellate) ganglion (sometimes seperate though)
Term
what is the inferior cervical ganglion between
Definition
transverse process of C7 and neck of rib 1
Term
what are the branches of the inferior cervical ganglion
Definition
gray communicating rami of C7-8, branches that accompany vertebral and aubclavian arteries, inferior cervical cardiac nerve, ansa subclavia
Term
where does the inferior cervical cardiac nerve end
Definition
cardiac plexus
Term
what does the ansa subclavia connect
Definition
middle and inferior cervical ganglia
Term
what does the ansa subclavia loop arround
Definition
subclavian artery
Term
what is the cervical plexus formed by
Definition
ventral rami of C1-3
Term
where is the cervical plexus formed, how
Definition
C1-4 ventral rami are connected by nerve loops anterior to origin of levator scapular and scalenus medius and deep to sternonucleomastoid
Term
what are the branches of the cervical plexus
Definition
cutanous branches, ansa cervicalis, phrenic nerve, muscular branches
Term
what are the cutanous branches of the cervical plexus
Definition
lesser occopital, great auricular, transverse cervical, suprascapular
Term
what spinal nerves form the phrenic nerve
Definition
C3-5
Term
describe the path of the phrenic nerve
Definition
descends anterior to scalenus anterior muscle, crossed by superificial cervical and suprascapular arteries, at root of neck passes anterior to 1st part of subclavian, descends through superior and middle mediastinum to reach diaphragm
Term
what are the muscular branches of the cervical plexus
Definition
supply anterior vertebral muscles, scalenus medius, levator scapulae, trapezius, sternonucleomastoid
Term
what does the endocrine gland secrete
Definition
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin
Term
what does calcitonin do
Definition
lowers blood calcium
Term
what is the thyroid gland surrounded by
Definition
connective tissue sheath
Term
what is the thyroid gland derived from
Definition
pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia, endoderm of floor of pharynx in region where tounge develops
Term
what does the paratracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia attach to
Definition
attaches gland to trachea and larynx
Term
where is the location of origin of the thyroid gland
Definition
dorsal surface of the tounge
Term
how is the location of origin of the thyroid gland seen in an adult
Definition
foramen cecum
Term
what is the thyroglossal duct
Definition
connects the thyroid gland to the tounge, dissipears during development
Term
what are thyroglossal cysts
Definition
cysts caused by persistence of a segment of thyroglossal duct
Term
where are thyroglossal cysts located
Definition
in anterior midline of neck, close to hyoid bone
Term
what are the parts of the thyroid gland
Definition
two lobes (right and left), isthmus, pyramidal lobe
Term
what does the apex of the thyroid gland reach to
Definition
oblique line of thyroid cartilage
Term
what does the base of the thyroid gland reach to
Definition
4th or 5th tracheal cartilages
Term
what does the isthmus of the thyroid gland extend across to
Definition
2nd or 3rd tracheal cartilages
Term
how is the pyrmidal part of the thyroid gland orientated
Definition
projects up from the isthmus
Term
what is the pyrimidal part of the thyroid a remnent of
Definition
distal part of thyroglossal duct that does not dissipear
Term
what is anteriolateral to the thyroid gland lobes
Definition
sternothyroid, sternohyoid, anterior border of sternonucleomastoid
Term
what is posterolateral to the thyroid gland lobes
Definition
carotid sheath and its contents
Term
what is medial to the thyroid gland lobes
Definition
larynx, pharynx, esophagus, external laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve
Term
what is on the poster border of the thyroid gland lobes
Definition
parathyroid glands
Term
what is anterior to the isthmus of the thyroid gland
Definition
sternothyroid, sternohyoid, anterior juggular vein
Term
what is posterior to the isthmus of the thyroid gland
Definition
2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilages
Term
what arteries supply the thyroid gland
Definition
superior thyroid artery, inferior thyroid artery, thryoid ima
Term
what is the lowest artery of the thyroid gland
Definition
thyroid ima artery
Term
do people usually have a thyroid ima artery
Definition
no
Term
where does the thyroid ima artery originae from
Definition
bracheocephalic trunk or aortic arch
Term
what does the thyroid ima ascend on
Definition
anterior surface of trachea to ischmus
Term
what are the veins of the thyroid gland
Definition
superior and middle thyroid, inferior thyroid
Term
what is the inferior thyroid vein between
Definition
trachea and manubrium of sternum
Term
what does the inferior thyroid vein drain into
Definition
brachiocephlic veins, sometimes right and left form a common trunk and drain into left brachiocephalc
Term
what are the parathyroid glands located between
Definition
posterior aspect of lobes of thyroid and fascial sheath
Term
what are the superior parathyroid glands lined up with
Definition
lower border of cricoid cartilage
Term
what are the inferior parathyroid glands lined up with
Definition
near inferior pole of lobes of thryoid gland, sometimes below the level of the thyroid gland, even in superior mediastium by thymus
Term
which parathyroid set is more variable in position
Definition
inferior
Term
what does the parathyroid glands secrete
Definition
parathyroid hormone
Term
what does parathyroid hormone do
Definition
incease blood calcium
Term
what arteries supply the parathyroid
Definition
superior and inferior thyroid
Term
what veins supply the parathyroid
Definition
parathyroid veins that drain into the thyroid venous plexus
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