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Anatomy Nasal Cavity and Sinuses
KYCOM Block 3
118
Anatomy
Graduate
10/29/2012

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Cards

Term
where is the root of the nose
Definition
the upper end
Term
where is the apex of the nose
Definition
the free tip
Term
where is the dorsum located
Definition
from root to apex of the nose in the midline
Term
what are the two inferior aperatures of the nose called
Definition
nares / nostrils
Term
what limits the nostrils on each side
Definition
ala of the nose
Term
what is the supporting framework of the nose composed of
Definition
bone and hayline cartilage
Term
where is bone located in the nose
Definition
upper part
Term
what are the bones of the nose
Definition
nasal bones and frontal processes of the maxilla
Term
where is cartilage located in the nost
Definition
lower part
Term
what are the cartilages of the nose
Definition
septum and two major alar
Term
how are the cartilages of the bone connected to the body
Definition
they are connected to eachother and to bones by fibrous tissue
Term
what does the septal cartilage form
Definition
anterior part of nasal septum
Term
what are the parts of the septum
Definition
two lateral processes, triangular in shape
Term
where is the septal cartilage located in relation to the nasal bone
Definition
below inferior border
Term
what shape are the major alar cartilages
Definition
U
Term
what do the major alar cartilages form
Definition
lateral and medial borders of nostrils (lateral and medial cura)
Term
what are the walls of the nasal cavity made of
Definition
bone, cartilage, mucous layer
Term
what are the parts of the nasal cavity
Definition
floor, roof, two lateral walls, midline partition
Term
what is the midline partition of the nasal cavity called, what does it form
Definition
nasal septum, right and left nasal cavity
Term
what does the nasal cavity communicate with posteriorly
Definition
pharynx (nasopharynx)
Term
what are the posterior nasal aperatures called
Definition
choanae
Term
where is the vestibule of the nost located
Definition
immediatly above the nares
Term
what is the vestibule of the nose lined with
Definition
skin and stiff hairs
Term
what are the functions of the nasal cavity
Definition
olfaction, conditioning of inspired air, reception of recretions from paranasal air sinuses and nasolarcimal duct
Term
how does the nasal cavity condition air
Definition
filters, humidifies, warms
Term
what is superior to the nasal cavity
Definition
anterior crainial fossa
Term
what seperates the nasal cavity from the anterior cranial fossa
Definition
cribiform plate
Term
what is lateral to the upper nasal cavity
Definition
ethmoidal air cells and orbit
Term
what is lateral to the lower nasal cavity
Definition
maxillary air sinus
Term
what is inferior to the nasal cavity
Definition
oral cavity
Term
what seperates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
Definition
hard palate
Term
what is posterior to the nasal cavity
Definition
nasopharynx
Term
what forms the floor of the nasal cavity
Definition
hard palate, palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plates of palatine bones
Term
what forms the roof of the nasal cavity (anterior to posterior)
Definition
nasal bone, nasal spine of frontal bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, inferior and anterior aspects of body of sphenoid
Term
what forms the nasal septum
Definition
perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer, a little from the sphenoid, maxilla, palatine
Term
what bone does the superior nasal concha come from
Definition
ethmoid
Term
what bone does the middle concha come from
Definition
ethmoid
Term
what bone does the inferior chocha come from
Definition
its own seperate bone
Term
what is between the conchae
Definition
meatuses
Term
what are the nasal meatuses
Definition
superior middle and inferior
Term
what is the sphenoethmoidal recess
Definition
part of nasal cavity behind superior nasal concha
Term
what is in the superior meatus, where are they located
Definition
posterior ethmoidal air cells on lateral wall
Term
what is in the middle meatus
Definition
ethmoidal bulla, semilunar hiatus, ostium of maxillary sinus, infundibulum
Term
where is the ethmoid bulla located
Definition
elevation in lateral wall of middle meatus
Term
what creates the ethmoidal bulla
Definition
openings of middle ethmoidal air cells
Term
where is the semilunar hiatus located
Definition
anterior and inferior to the ethmoidal bulla
Term
where is the ostium of the maxillary sinus located
Definition
lower semilunar hiatus
Term
what does the infundibulum recieve
Definition
openings of anterior ethmoidal air cells, sometimes frontal sinus. sometimes there is a superior blind end and frontal sinus opens into anterior middle nasal meatus
Term
what is in the inferior nasal meatus, where
Definition
opening of nasolarcimal duct, anterior part of lateral wall
Term
what is in the sphenoethmoidal recess
Definition
opening to sphenoidal sinus
Term
where is the nasal mucosa located
Definition
entire nasal cavity except vestibule
Term
how is the nasal mucosa bound
Definition
periosteum and perichondrium of suppoering structures
Term
what is the nasal mucosa continouos with
Definition
mucosal lining of nasopharynx, paranasal air sinuses, nasolacrimal fuct
Term
what are the types of nasal mucosa
Definition
olfactory, respiratory
Term
where is the olfactory mucosa located
Definition
highest part of the roof and adjacent part of septum and lateral wall
Term
what does olfactory mucosa contain
Definition
olfactory receptor cells
Term
what kind of cells does respiratory mucosa have
Definition
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Term
where does the sensory supply for the nose come from
Definition
branches of the opthalmic and maxillary nerves
Term
what sensory nerves supply the nose
Definition
anterior ethmoidal, nasal branch of infraorbital, nasal branch of anterior superior aveolar, posterolateral nasal branches, nasopalatine
Term
what is the anterior ethmoidal nerve a branch of
Definition
nasociliary nerve from opthalmic
Term
describe the path of the anterior ethmoidal nerve to the nose
Definition
passes from orbit to anterior ethmoidal foramen, to anterior crainial fossa, to cribiform plate, crista galli slit to nasal cavity, divides into internal and external
Term
what does the internal anterior ethmoidal nerve innervate
Definition
mucosa of anterior part of septum and lateral wall
Term
what does the external anterior ethmoidal nerve innervate
Definition
skin of lower part of nose
Term
what does the nasal branch the infraorbital nerve supply
Definition
skin of vestibule
Term
what does the nasal branch of the anterior superior alveolar nerve supply
Definition
mucosa of anterior part of inferior meatus
Term
what do the posterolateral nasal branches supply
Definition
mucosa of posterior lateral wall
Term
where do the petrolateral nasal branches come from
Definition
petrygopalatine ganglion or greater palatine nerve
Term
what does the nasopalatine nerve supply
Definition
mucosa of the posterior part of the nasal septum
Term
what are the bipolar neruons of the mucosa called
Definition
olfactory receptor cells
Term
where are olfactory receptor cells located
Definition
olfactory mucosa
Term
what forms the dendrite of the olfactory receptor cells
Definition
peripherial processes, nonmotile cilia
Term
what forms the axons of olfactory receptor cells, where are they located, where do they end
Definition
central processes, pas through cribiform plate end in olfactory bulb
Term
what are the major arteries that supply the nose
Definition
sphenopalatine, atherior ethmoidal
Term
where does the sphenopalatine artery come from
Definition
terminal branch of maxillary a
Term
what does the sphenopalatine artery supply
Definition
posterior parts of lateral wall and septum
Term
what does the anterior ethmoidal artery supply
Definition
anterior part of lateral wall of septum
Term
where does the anterior ethmoidal artery come from
Definition
opthalmic
Term
what are the minor sources of blood for the nasal cavity
Definition
posterior ethmoidal, superior labial, greater palatine
Term
where does the superior labial artery come from
Definition
facial a
Term
where is the kiesselbach's area
Definition
anterior septal cartilage
Term
what occurs at kiesselbach's area
Definition
septal branches of sphenopalatine, greater palatine, anterior ethmoidal, and superior labial arteries anastomose with eachother
Term
what is epistaxis, where does is commonly occur
Definition
nosebleed. kiesselbach's triangle
Term
describe the veins of the nose
Definition
rich submucosa
Term
where do the veins of the nose drain
Definition
pterygoid venous plexus via sphenopalatine vein, facial vein, supterior opthelmic vein via anterior and posterior ethmoidal v
Term
where are the paranasal sinuses located
Definition
frontal, maxilla, ethmoid, sphenoid bones
Term
what are paranasal sinuses lined with
Definition
mucous membrane continous with nasal cavity
Term
how do paranasal sinuses develop
Definition
a invaginations of the nasal mucosa. mucosa invades bones surrounding nasal cavity with sencondary bone resorption around invading mucosal sacs, at birth they are rudimentary but they groud during childhood and a lot in adolescence and reach max size as an adult
Term
what are the fuctions of the paranasal sinuses
Definition
resonating chambers for voice, lighten skull bones
Term
what is the largest paranasal air sinus
Definition
maxillary
Term
where is the apex of the maxillary sinus located
Definition
laterallu, toward zygomatic bone
Term
where is the base of the maxillary sinus located
Definition
medially, toward nasal cavity
Term
what is superior to the maxillary sinus
Definition
orbit and its contents, infraorbital canal runs along superior wall making a bony ridge
Term
what is medial to the maxillary sinus
Definition
nasal cavity, maxillary ostium located high in medial wall
Term
why does the maxillary sinus have poor drainage when erect
Definition
because the opening is high on the medial wall
Term
what is inferior to the maxillary sinus
Definition
aveolar processes, mostly molar roots rather than incisor
Term
what does the maxillary sinus communicate with
Definition
middle nasal meatus, opening in the lower part of the semilunr hiatus
Term
what nerve supplies the maxillary sinus
Definition
superior alveolar nerves from V2
Term
what supplies blood to the maxillary air sinus
Definition
superior alveolar arteries branches of the maxillary and infraorbital
Term
what is the frontal sinus posterior to
Definition
superciliary arches
Term
what shape are the frontal sinuses usually
Definition
non-symmeterical
Term
where does the frontal sinus extend to
Definition
superior into frontal squama and posterior into orbital plates (roof of orbit)
Term
where does the frontal sinus open
Definition
middle nasal meatus
Term
what nerve supplies the frontal sinus
Definition
supraorbital, branch of the frontal from V1
Term
what supplies blood to the frontal sinus
Definition
supraorbital branch of the the opthamic
Term
where are the ethmoidal air cells located
Definition
ethmoidal labyrinths
Term
how may ethmoidal air cells do we have
Definition
3-18
Term
where do the ethmoidal air cells open
Definition
anterior into infundibulum of middlle nasal meatus, anterior into ethmoidal bulla of middle nasal meatus, posterior into superior nasal meatus
Term
what nerve supplies the ethmoidal air cells
Definition
anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves branches of nasociliary from V1
Term
what supplies blood to the ethmoidal air cells
Definition
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries (branches of the opthalmic)
Term
what is the sphenoidal sinus posterior to
Definition
upper part of nasal cavity
Term
what is superior to the sphenoidal sinus
Definition
pituitary gland and optic chiasm
Term
what is lateral to the sphenoid sinus
Definition
cavernous sinus and internal carotid a
Term
are the sphenoid sinuses symetrical?
Definition
not usually
Term
where does the sphenoid sinus open
Definition
into sphenoethmoidal recess
Term
what nerves supply the sphenoid sinus
Definition
posterior ethmoidal nerve , pharyngeal nerve
Term
where does the pharyngeal nerve come from
Definition
pterygopalatine ganglion
Term
what type of fibers does the pharyngeal nerve have, where from
Definition
sensory from V2
Term
what supplies blood to the sphenoidal sinuses
Definition
posterior ethmoidal a, pharyngeal branch of maxillary a
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