Splenius capitus

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action, innervation

neck

deep superficial

origin: lower ligamentum nauche C7-T3

insertion: lateral nauchal line of occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone

does bilateral contraction of the head and neck, unilateral contaction, lateral flexion and roatation of the head and neck to the contracting side

inntervated by dorsal rami

splenius cervicis

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action, innervation

neck

deep superficial

origin: T3-T6

insertion: transverse process of C1-C3/C4

does bilateral contraction of the head and neck, unilateral contaction, lateral flexion and roatation of the head and neck to the contracting side

inntervated by dorsal rami

innervated by the suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1) which crosses over the triangle piercing semispinalis and trapezius to reach the scalp

includes: obliquos capitis inferior and superior, rectus capitis posterior major and minor

obliquos capitis superior

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action

suboccipital triangle

deep: minor deep

origin: transverse process of c1

insertion: occipital bone

extends head

lateral flexion towards contraction

obliquus capitis inferior

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action

suboccipital triangle

minor deep

origin: spinous process of C2

insertion: transverse process of C1

rotation of head towards contraction

rectus capitis posterior major

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action

suboccipital triangle

deep minor

origin: spinus process of C2

insertion; lateral inferior nauchal line

extension of head and lateral rotation towards contraction

rectus capitis posterior minor

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action

suboccipital triangle

deep minor

origin: posterior tubercle C1

insertion: medial inferior nuchal line

extends head

levator costraum

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action, innervation

between transverse processes and ribs

deep minor

origin: tips of transverse processes of C7-T11

insertion: rib between tubercle and angle

elevates ribs

lateral flexion of vertebral column

innervation: dorsal rami of C8-T11

intertransversii

general area, layer, action, innervation

between transverse processes

deep minor

lateral flexion of vertebral column

innervated by dorsal rami

erector spinae

action, innervation

central length of back

deep intermediate

three kinds: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

bilateral contraction of vertebral column

unilateral contraction

lateral flexion of spine to contracting muscles

contraction of spine in flexion against gravity

innervated by the dorsal rami

iliocostalis

general area, layer, divisions

erector spinae muscle

deep intermediate

lumborum, thoracis, cervicis

longissimus

general area, divisions, layer

erector spinae muscle

deep intermediate

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

spinalis

general area, divisions, layer

rector spinae muscle

deep intermediate

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

interspinales

general area, layer, action, innervation

between spinus processes

extend vertebral column

deep minor deep

innervated by dorsal rami

transverseospinalis

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action, innervation, divisions

deep intermediate

origin and insertion: fibers run in a superior to medial direction from the transverse to spinus processes

bilateral contraction of vertebral column

unilateral contraction

lateral flexion of vertebral column towards contracting side

rotation of vertebral column to opposite side of contraction

stabilize vertebral column

innervated by the dorsal rami

divisions: semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

semispinalis

general area, layer, divisions

deep intermediate

part of transversospinalis

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

6 vertebre span

multifidus

general area, layer

deep intermediate

part of transversospinalis

largest in the lumbar

3-5 vertebre span

rotatores

general area, layer

deep intermediate

part of transversospinalis

largest in thorasic

1-2 vertebre span

splenius capitus

splenius cervicis

erector spinae (illiocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)

transversospinalis (semispinalis, multififus, rotatores)

interspinales

intertransversii

levators costarum

 suboccipital triangle (obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, rectus capitus major, rectus capitus minor)

trapezius

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action, innervation

shoulder

superficial

origin: medial nuchal line, external ocipital produberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T12

insertion: clavicle, acromion spine of scapula

elevation and depression of the scapula

innervation: cranial nerve XI and ventral rami of C3 and C4

latissimus dorsi

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action, innervation

lower and central back

superficial

origin: T7-T12, lumbar, and saccral vertebre, posterior illiac crest, lower 3-4 ribs

insertion: intertubercular groove of the humerus

extends, adducts, and medialy rotates the humerus

innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

serratus posterior superior

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action, innervation

upper back

intermediate

origin: ligamentum nuchae C7-T3/T4

insertion; ribs 2-5

elevates ribs

innervation: 2-5 intercostal nerves

rhomboid minor

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action, innervation

upper back

superficial

origin: lower ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7 and T1

stabilizes, retracts, and inferiorly rotates the scapula

innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve

rhomboid major

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action, innervation

upper back

superficial

origin: T2-T5

insertion: medial border of scaplua

stabilizes, retracts, and inferiorly rotates the scapula

innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve

levator scapulae

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action, innervation

shoulder

superficial

origin: transverse process of C1-C4

insertion: medial border of scapula

stabilizes, elevates, and inferiorly rotates the scaplua

innervation: ventral rami of C3-C4, dorsal scapular nerve

serratus posterior inferior

general area, origin, insertion, layer, action, innervation

lower back

intermediate

origin: T11-L2/L3

insertion: lower 4 ribs

depresses ribs

innervation: 9-11 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerves

trapezius

latissimus dorsi

rhomboid minor

rhomboid major

levator scapulae

serratus posterior superior

serratus posterior inferior