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Anatomy Month 3 Week 1 Day 2 Vertebral Column
Anatomy Month 3 Week 1 Day 2 Vertebral Column
25
Anatomy
Graduate
07/06/2018

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Term
early embryo curvatures
Definition
primary curvatures, concave anteriorly to fit into the uterus, fetal position
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Term
upright spinal curves
Definition
primary and secondary (convex posteriorly), strengthen these muscles by putting children on bellies
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Term
typical vertebra anatomy and functioning
Definition
2 functional unite: blue unit in front is vetebral body- main job is to support weight. posterior component in yellow (pedicle, transverse process, lamina, spinous process, superior/inferior articular processes)- yellow = vertebral arch (functions- encloses the vertebral foramen where the spinal cord and cauda equina sit). spinous process and transverse process form places wehre mucles of the back can attach. articular processes- regions where vertebra articulate w vertebra above and below it. vertebral arch helps control movement by attachment of the muscles and configuration of the articular processes. Inferior vetebral notch and superior vetebral notch form intevetebral foramen where spinal nerves exit the spinal cord.
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Term
lateral view of vetebra anatomy
Definition
vetebral bodies, intervetebral disk, intervetebral foramen where spinal nerve exits
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Term
vertebral column number of vertebrae vs number of cervical nerves
Definition
thoracic region down nerves are named for the vertebra below whcih tehy exit. T1 spinal nerve leaves below T1 thoracic vetebra. in cervical region, C1 spinal nerve leaves superior to C1 vertebra, 7th cervical nerve leaves superior to c7, 8th cervical nerve leaves below it.
Term
vetebral column and spinal cord length
Definition
as we vebelop the vetebral column elongates faster than the spinal cord so the spinal cord ends up being shorter than vetebral column. conus medullaris is at L2 vertebra. teh cauda equina allows the shortened spinal cord to continue to provide the innervation that's required, so L4 spinal nerve can still leave below L4 ect. the cauda equina is a collection of dorsal and ventral roots that join together at the intervetebral foramen to form a spinal nerve.
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Term
changes in the vertebral bodies from superior to inferior
Definition
vertebral bodies get larger and larger as we go from cervical to thoracic to lumbar bc they have to support more weight
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Term
secondary curvatures
Definition
acquired postnatally
Term
not part of the vertebral arch
Definition
vertebral body
Term
intervetebral foramina are formed by
Definition
notches in the pedicles
Term
the conus medullaris is located where
Definition
L2
Term
cervical vertebrae axis and atlas
Definition
atlas has a very large vertebral frame bc spinal cord is so large and is has a large articular process on each side where it articulates with the skull. nodding yes is controlled by the occipitoatlantic joint between the atlas and the occiput. It also has little holes in the transverse process called the transverse foramen where the vertebral arteries run and where blood supply to the brain comes from. atlas vertebral foramen is immediately continuous with the foramen magnum, the entrance to the skull, no vetebral body bc it's been stolen by the axis.

C2- axis stole teh C1 vetebral body and incorporated it a the dens/odontoid process, sits at the atlantoaxial joint between atlas and axis. axis allows us to shake head no- rotation of skull and neck. fracture of the odontoid process responsible for some hangman's fractures.
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Term
typical cervical vertebra
Definition
modest size vertebral body, transverse foramen, big vertebral canal, bifid spinous process bc of all the neck muscles. articular facets are bluish structure formed w artilage, flat articular processes
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Term
thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Definition
vertebral bodies bigger, transverse processes larger, single spinous process that is angled down and overlap with each other (harder to gain entrance to vertebral canal), articular facets for ribs on vertebral body and transverse process, circular vertebral canal

Lumbar vertebrae has larger vertebral body, triangular vertebral canal, thick transverse processes, very thick spinous process, spinous processes point directly posterior- allow us to do a lumbar puncture. articular facets and superior articular process are pointed towards each other and oriented vertically
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Term
sacrum
Definition
5 fused elements, sacral foramina where the spinal nerves pass, L5 intervertebral disk sits here, large facet laterally, SI or sacroiliac joint (impt for transfering the weight of the entire ehad, upper limb, and trunk to pelvis)- large surface area, has cartilage on it, synovial joint. small, rudimentary coccyx composed of fused elements and associated with one small nerve
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Term
vertebral foramen is largest in which region
Definition
cervical
Term
transverse foramina are found in what region
Definition
cervical
Term
vertebral bodies are larges in which region
Definition
lumbar
Term
the atlas articulates with
Definition
the skull
Term
intervertebral discs
Definition
fibrocartilaginous joints called the symphysis, have a layer of hyaline cartilage lining the bone and then circularly oriented fibrocartilage called the annulus fibrosus and a nucleus pulposus within (spongy region that provides much of the cushioning as one vertebra moves against another). in old age the nucleus pulposus becomes stiffer and less pliant and is prone to herniating through the annulus fibrosus
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Term
vertebral ligaments for stabilization
Definition
intervertebral discs are stabilized by an anterior longitudinal ligament along anterior surface of vertebral bodies and a posterior longitudinal ligament that helps to stabilize
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Term
controlling movement of the spine is due to
Definition
the vertebral arch and it's zygapophysial joints/facet joints, joints between the adjacent superior and inferior articular processes, planar in the neck (possible to have a dislocation one vertebra on the other without breaking the facet joints- neck has much more mobility than lumbar spine but more risk of dislocation), in thoracic region facet joints are a little more vertical- harder to dislocate and reduces amount of movement. in lumbar region the facet joints are more vertical and have one convex and one concave element- less mobility. also the joint capsule in the neck region is loose and the joint capsule in the lumbar region is tight.
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Term
posterior element ligaments of vertebrae
Definition
ligamentum flavum that connects one laminae with another, yellow elastic fibers within, interspinous and supraspinous ligaments connect the spinous processes, spupraspinous ligament goes from spine to spine and interspinous ligaments between to help control movement and stabilize the spine
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Term
overlapping feature of the spinous processes and spinal cord
Definition
in thoracic region have lamina and spinous processes hanging down one over the other. in the lumbar region have thick spinous processes directed posteriorly. have a space between adjacent spinous processes where we can do a lumbar puncture. spinal cord stops at L2 vertebra and just inferior to that is the cauda equina so to get spinal fluid needle pushes aside cauda equina
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Term
spinal cord ligament in the neck
Definition
the supraspinous ligament becomes enlarged as the ligamentum nuchae to help the neck move around despite short spinous processes so the ligament attaches to the muscles allowing us to extend our neck with great forces
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