Term
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Definition
| 2 neuron system- preganglionic (brain/spinal cord) and postganglionic (body) |
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Term
| sympathetic nervous system preganglionic neurons and post ganglionic neurons |
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Definition
| pre: T1-L2 (thoracolumbar) post: sympathetic chain along spinal column or remotely in ganglia associated with blood vessels along the aorta |
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Term
| parasympathetic nervous system preganglionic neurons |
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Definition
| cranial nerve nuclei and S2-S4 (craniosacral) |
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Term
| sympathetic innervation of heart and lungs |
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Definition
| postganglionic neurons leave sympathetic chain and travel directly to heart and lungs |
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Term
| sympathetic innervation of abdominal organs |
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Definition
| preganglionic sympathetics leave the chain, travel down through vessels along the aorta and synapse at postganglionic targets along the viscera |
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Term
| T1-L2 action potential pathway |
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Definition
| preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies at T1-L2, leave along ventral root, joins spinal nerve, leaves spinal nerve, synapses on postganglionic target cell in a ganglion (a sympathetic chain ganglion close to the nerve), postganglionic cell rejoins nerve and travels to target |
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Term
| To innervate above T1 and below L2? |
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Definition
| preganglionic axons enter the sympathetic chain and travel upwards or downwards to target nerve. They either synapse where they enter the chain and the postganglionics descend/ascend or the preganglionics enter the chain, descend and then synapse at a lower level |
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Term
| location of the most superior of the sympathetic chain ganglion |
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Definition
| next to the common carotid artery |
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Term
| parasympathetic innervation arises from |
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Definition
| 3rd, 7th and 9th cranial nerves and supply structures in the head (mainly lacrimation and salivary secretions). cranial nerve 10, the vagas nerve supplies heart, lungs, GI to left third of transverse colon (remainder of GI and pelvic organs supplied by pelvic splanchnic nerve, parasympathetics from S2-S4) |
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Term
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Definition
| post ganglionic sympathetic input from thoracic sympathetic chain and cervical sympathetic chain (autonomic input from a large range of sympathetic nervous system due to embryonic development where the heart starts anterior to the head) |
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Term
| sensation of the heart can go |
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Definition
| as high as upper neck (C1) or as low as T5 because wehrever you have a nerve also have sensor input traveling back the other direction |
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Term
| sympathetic/parasympathetic innervation of heart |
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Definition
| sympathetic increases heart rate, vagal/parasympathetic decreases heart rate (vagus also has a lot of sensory fibers going to brain but many are subconscious) |
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Term
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Definition
| pain that originates in the heart but is perceived as coming someplace other than the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| general pain from visceral organs that's felt elsewhere like the jaw, arm (left arm w angina pectoris) |
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Term
| why we are bad at localizing pain coming from inside our body |
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Definition
| nerve fiber going to same place, can't sense sensory input from vagus |
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Term
| visceral pain fibers and somatic pain fibers |
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Definition
| travel together from the same dermatomal region of the spinal cord up to the brain so the brain has difficulty localizing the pain, can't trace the nerves from the heart up to the brain |
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Term
| nerves involved when angina pectoris pain refers to the right hand |
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Definition
| intercostobrachial nerve, ulnar nerve, medial nerve from brachial plexus down to hand |
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Term
| sympathetic innervation of the heart |
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Definition
| from T1-T4 have preganglionic axons entering sympathetic chain where they synapse then go right to the heart but some nerves travel up the chin and synapse there, make mistake then go down (C1-T5 innervation) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why might a cervical thoracic block help causalgia in the hand? |
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Definition
| there are sympathetic pain fibers that innervate the hand traveling up the the stellate ganglion of the neck and central circuits are firing uncontrollably , block that ganglion and stop repeatedly sending those pain signals, can't eliminate all pain just by cutting dorsal roots |
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Term
| what is the cervical thoracic ganglion |
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Definition
| sympathetic ganglion at your neck C8 to T1 |
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Term
| side effects of blocking cervical thoracic ganglion |
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Definition
| Horner's syndrome- ptosis, miosis (constricted), anhydrosis. vascular effects- lack of sympathetic tone in the vasculature, vasodilation, flushing as blood rushes to the skin |
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Term
| why do you get pupil constriction in Horner's syndrome |
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Definition
| in absence of sympathetic innervation, parasympathetic takes over so get pupil constriction bc pupil dilation is controlled by sympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| sympathetic nervous system effect on peripheral vascuature |
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Definition
| controls vasoconstriction vs vasodilation |
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Term
| reason for fingers turning blue in reynaud's |
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Definition
| in response to cold get normal sympathetic activation- vasoconstriction but in reynaud's get overactivation and over constriction so don't get enough blood to fingers and they become cyanotic due to lack of oxygen |
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Term
| why do fingers turn red and painful in reynaud's |
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Definition
| 2nd phase, vasodilation and massive amount of blood entering the area causing stretching, edema, and pain |
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Term
| why was reynaud's historically treated by blockage of sympathetic chain? |
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Definition
| taking away sympathetic activation which is causing overactive vasoconstriction but lots of other problems with this |
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Term
| pharmacological treatment for reynaud's |
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Definition
| calcium channel blockers, vessels won't constrict as much so get more steady flow of blood to fingers |
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