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anatomy mid-term
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49
Anatomy
11th Grade
12/14/2011

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Term
Microscopic Anatomy
Definition
studies structures that cannot be seen
Term
Macroscopic anatomy
Definition
study of features visible to the eye
Term
homeostasis
Definition
maintaining stable internal conditions, such as body temp
Term
differentiation
Definition
growth is increasing
Term
responsiveness
Definition

respond to changes in environment

(ex: move hand when touching hot stove.)

Term
Ribosomes
Definition
produces proteins, most numerous organelle
Term
lysosomes
Definition
contains digestive enzymes to break wastes
Term
nucleus
Definition
control center of cell
Term
necleolus
Definition

organelle that makes their ribosomes

(workers)

Term
mitochondria
Definition
an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production
Term
golgi body
Definition
packaging center, coats proteins
Term
ER
Definition
systems of high-ways in cell along which molecules move
Term
cell wall
Definition
rigid structure located outside of membrane, allows for support
Term
cell membrane
Definition
boundry between cell and environment
Term
vacuoles
Definition
store units that store water, food, and wastes
Term
prokaryote
Definition
non-membrane bound- single celled
Term
eukaryote
Definition
membrane bound
Term
intergumentary system
Definition
composed of the skin, hair, nailss, and sweat glands
Term
stratum basale
Definition
lowest layer of epidermis connected to dremis, below
Term
stratum spinosium
Definition
layber above stratum basale
Term
stratum lucidum
Definition
flat densley packed layer of cells above granulosum
Term
stratum corneum
Definition
outtermost layer
Term
vellus hairs
Definition
peachfuz, most of the body
Term
intermediate hairs
Definition
on arms
Term
terminal hairs
Definition
heavy and more deeply
Term
osteocytes
Definition
mature bone cells
Term
osteoprogenenitor cells
Definition
flattened cells, divide to produce new cells
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
cells found on inner and outter layer of bone
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
responsible for dissolving old bone
Term
gigantism
Definition
excessive growth due to over secretion of growth in puberty
Term
dwarfism 
Definition
not producing enough growth before puberty
Term
achondroplasia
Definition
epephyseal cartilages grow unusally
Term
marfans syndrome
Definition
excessive cartilage formation long and slender limbs
Term
lordosis
Definition
abdomen and buttocks protrude abnormally because all exaggerated
Term
kyphosis
Definition
normal thoracic curve becomes exaggerated. (hunchback)
Term
scoliosis
Definition
abnormal lateral curvature of spine
Term
spina bifida
Definition
a condition in which a portion of spinal cord develops and other doesnt
Term
rib spreader
Definition
spreads ribs to do surgery
Term
gliding
Definition
two opposing surfaces slide past one another
Term
abduction
Definition
movement away from longitiduinal axis of body
Term
adduction
Definition
movement towards longitidunial axis of body
Term
circumduction
Definition
moving in circular motion
Term
protraction
Definition
moving horizontally away from body
Term
extension
Definition
increase angle between articulationg elements 
Term
depresxion
Definition
movement upward
Term
depression
Definition
movement downward
Term
elevation
Definition
movement upward
Term
flatfoot
Definition
no arch, 40 % of adults have it.
Term
clawfoot
Definition
longitidudinal arch is exaggerated
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