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Anatomy Medistinum
KYCOM Block 1
87
Anatomy
Graduate
08/25/2012

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Term
medistanium
Definition
middle part of the thorasic cavity, thorasic outlet to the diaphragm, divided into superior and inferior
Term
what are the divisions of hte inferior medistinum
Definition
anterior, middle, posterior
Term
what is the border bwterrn the superior and inferior mediastinum
Definition
plane drawn by sternal angle
Term
what is in the middle area of the mediastinum
Definition
heart and pericardial sac
Term
what marks the anterior border of the mediastinum
Definition
between the sternum and pericardium
Term
where is the thymus located
Definition
superficial, sits high, mostly in the superior medistinum, can be more inferior when youner because it is bigger
Term
what is the function of the thymus
Definition
primary lymphoid organ, where lymphoid stem cells mature into t cells
Term
talk about the size and shape of the thymus
Definition
largest at puberty and shrinks with age becoming replaced with fat, three lobes
Term
how is the thymus held together
Definition
connective tissue
Term
what forms the bracheocephalic veins
Definition
internal juggular and subclavian join
Term
what veins empty into the baracheocephalic veins
Definition
the interthyroid veins, azygous vein (at the joining for form the superior vena cava)
Term
compare the left and right bracheocephalic veins
Definition
the right is shorter and more verticle, the left is more oblique
Term
what do the right and left bracheocephalic veins join together to form
Definition
the superior vena cava
Term
what marks the location of the begining of the superior venacava
Definition
the 1st costal cartilage
Term
where does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm
Definition
T8
Term
where is the acending aorta located
Definition
within pericardial sac, leads from heart to aortic arch
Term
where is the descending aorta located
Definition
in the thorasic and abdominal cavity begining at the sternal angle
Term
what arteries come off the aorta
Definition
right and left coronary arteries
Term
what arteries come off of the aortic arch
Definition
bracheocephalic trunk, left caroted, left subclavian
Term
what does the bracheocephalic split into
Definition
right caroted and right subclavian
Term
where is the ligamentum arterosium located
Definition
runs from the pulmonary trunk at the bifurcation and attaches to the underside of the aortic arch
Term
what runs along the ligamentum arterosium
Definition
vagus nerve, left recurrant laryngeal nerve
Term
how did the ligamentum arterosium form
Definition
remnent of the ductous arterosis from the fetus (a lung bipass) that closes at birth leaving a ligament
Term
what happens if the ductous arterosis does not close
Definition
pressure is higher in the aorta and blood flows back into the pulmonary arteries leading to pulmonary hypertension
Term
how can you diagnose if someone's ductous arterosis did not close
Definition
they have a big murmur
Term
aortic hiatus
Definition
hole the descending aorta goes through at T12
Term
what branches off of the descending aorta
Definition
posterior intercostal arteries (9), subcostal arteries, esophageal arteries, broncieal arteries, pericardial branches, superior phrenic arteries
Term
what was the function of the ductus arterosis as a fetus
Definition
carries blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta bypassing the lungs
Term
what do the superior phrenic arteries supply
Definition
the posterior surface of the diaphragm
Term
where does the phrenic nerve branch from
Definition
the cervical plexus, the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord C3-C5 roots
Term
where does the right phrenic nerve run
Definition
follows the right bracheocephalic and superior vena cava, passes between lung and pericardium down to the pericardial sac
Term
where does the left phrenic nerve run
Definition
to the left of the aortic arch, down between the heart and lungs, to the diaphragm
Term
what does the phrenic nerves innervate
Definition
the diaphragm and the peritenium on the gut side, the parital pericardium, medistanial pleura, paritenial
Term
where is pain from the phrenic nerve referred to
Definition
C3-C5 dermatome, neck and sholder pain
Term
where does the vagus nerve run and branch
Definition
posterior to the lung roots, branches into the pulmonary plexus,esophageal plexus which comes back together into two trunks the anterior and posterior vagul trunks
Term
what type of nerve is the vagus nerve
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
what are the thoracic branches of the vagus nerve
Definition
left recurrent laryngeal, right recurrant laryngeal
Term
left recurrant laryngeal location
Definition
crosses left side of aorta, curves under the arch, around the ligamentum arterosium, comes back to the larynx
Term
what can lesions on the left recurrant laryngeal nerve cause
Definition
hoarsness, paralysis to left laryngeal muscles
Term
where is the right recurrant laryngeal nerve located
Definition
originates from the right vagus root at the neck and hooks around the subclavian artery and ascends to the larynx
Term
what is the function of the thorasic vagus nerve branches
Definition
carry visceral motor parasympathetic and visceral sensory fibers to the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and heart
Term
what is the espohagus made of
Definition
muscle
Term
what structures mark the top and bottom of the esophagus
Definition
pharynx to stomach
Term
what vertebre marks the begining of the esophagus
Definition
C6
Term
in what parts of the medistinum is the esophagus located
Definition
the superior and posterior
Term
what and where is the esophageal opening
Definition
T10, passage through the diaphragm, slightly left of median
Term
what are the parts of the esophagus
Definition
cervical, thorasic, lumbar
Term
what is the esophagus between in the superior medisastinum
Definition
trachea and vertebral comumn
Term
what is the esophagus between in the inferior medistinum
Definition
pericardial sac and vertebral column
Term
why does the esophagus have a curve to it
Definition
in the posterior mediastinum it first runs along the right side of the descending aorta then it runs anterior to it
Term
what is the definition of azygos
Definition
unpaired, lacking a mate, the azygos system right and left side are not symmetrical
Term
what is the main areas the azygos system drains
Definition
thorax and abdomen body wall structures, bronchi, esophagus, pericardium
Term
where does the asygous system dump into
Definition
the posterior superior vena cava
Term
what happens if one of the vena cava is obstructed
Definition
the azygos system takes on more blood and goes around the obstruction
Term
where do the left and right branches of the azygous system connect
Definition
across the vertebral column one or more times
Term
what is the name of the right branch of the azygos system
Definition
azygous vein
Term
what is the name of the left superior left branch of the azygous system
Definition
accessory hemiazygos vein
Term
what is the name of the inferior left branch of the azygos system
Definition
hemiazygos vein
Term
what is the origin of the azygos vein
Definition
joining of the ascending lumbar and subcostal veins
Term
what structure does the azygos vein run along
Definition
the heads of the ribs
Term
which azygos system branch is longer
Definition
right, azygos vein
Term
where do the left azygos veins drain into
Definition
the azygos vein
Term
describe the location of the azygos vein before it dumps into the superior vena cava
Definition
it ascends to T4, goes over right lung root, and terminates at svc
Term
what forms the hemiazygos vein
Definition
ascending lumbar and subcostal veins
Term
what drains into the thorasic duct
Definition
all but the right upper corner of the body's lymphatic system
Term
where does the thorasic duct begin
Definition
in the abdomen at the cisterna chyli, L1/L2
Term
describe the path of the thorasic duct
Definition
abdomen, follows aorta through hiatus, runs behind the esophagus, makes a hook, drains
Term
what areas does the thorasic duct drain
Definition
all but the upper right quadrent of the body
Term
where does the thorasic duct dump into
Definition
left subclavian and left internal juggular junction
Term
what dumps into the thorasic duct just before it terminates
Definition
left juggular, left subclavian, and left bronchomedialstinal trunks (they may als drain into near by veins)
Term
what joins to make the right lymphatic duct
Definition
right juggular, right subclavian, right bronchomediastinal lymph trunks
Term
where does the right lymphatic duct terminate
Definition
junction of right subclavian and right internal juggular
Term
what does the right lymphatic duct drain
Definition
the right upper quarter of the body
Term
how many ganglia does the sympathetic trunk have
Definition
10-11
Term
why is there a variation in the number of ganglia the sympathetic trunk has
Definition
the first cervical ganglia often fuses with the inferior cervical ganglia
Term
describe the location and shape of ganglia
Definition
connected in a chain and running down heads of ribs in the upper thorasic and the sides of the vertebral bodies in the lower thorasic, posterior to parietal pleura
Term
what connects the ganglia together
Definition
intercostal nerves
Term
where doe the intercostal nerves that connect ganglia together come from
Definition
the white and gray communicating rami
Term
what is special about the upper 4 ganglia
Definition
they give off postganglionic fivers to the thoracic viscera of the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus
Term
where do the splanchnic nerves originate
Definition
lower thoracc sympathetic trunk (5th ganglia and below)
Term
what do the splachnic nerves pierce
Definition
diaphragm
Term
where do the splanchnic nerves end
Definition
abdomen
Term
where do splanchnic nerve preganglionic sympathetic fibers terminate
Definition
prevetrebal ganglia in abdomen
Term
what is the function of the visceral sensory fibers of the splanchnic nerves
Definition
carry pain sensaion from abdominal organs
Term
where does the greater splanchnic nerve originate
Definition
from ganglic 5-9
Term
where does the lesser splanchnic nerve originate
Definition
ganglia 9-10 or 10-11
Term
where does the least splanchnic nerve originate
Definition
lowest thoracic ganglion, sometimes absent
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